> PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Volume XXI PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY, WASHINGTON, D. C. 1919 TABLE OF CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXI Page ALDRICH, J. M.: Two new genera of A ntlwmyidae (Dipt.). . Klii BAKER, A. C.: The identity of Smynthurodes betae Westwood (Horn.). :;ii An undescribed species of Dryopea injurious to Phyl- lostachys (Aphididae Horn.) 104 BARBER, H. S. : Avocado seed weevils ~<:\ Bovixo, ADAM G., BUSCK, A., and CAUDELL, A. N.: Captain Allan Hinson Jen- nings 61 BURKE, H. E.: Notes on a cocoon making Colydiid (Coleopt.) 128 Notes on the California oak worm, Phryganidia ctili- fornica (Lepid.) 124 BUSCK, AUGUST : Two Microlepideptera injurious to strawberry 52 A Microlepidopteron injurious to Avocado 128 On some generic synonomy in the family Gelechiidae (Lep.) 94 A new species of BucculairiK injurious to Holly- hock (Lep.) 109 BUSCK, A., with CAUDELL, A. N., and HOWARD, L. O.: Frederick Knab.. 41 BUSCK, A., with BOVING, ADAM G., and PIERCE, W. DWIGHT: Captain Allan Hinson ^ Jennings 61 BUSCK, AUGUST, HUNTER, W. D., and HEINRICH, CARL: Emerson Lis- cum Diven 177 CAUDELL, A. N. : Palmodes Praestans and its prey (Orth.) 40 CAUDELL, A. N., with BUSCK, A., and HOWARD, L. O.: Frederick Knab 41 CRAMPTON, G. C.: The genitalia and terminal abdominal structures of males, and the terminal abdominal structures of the larvae of " Chalastogastrous" Hymenoptera. . . 129 CUSHMAN, R. A.: New genera and species of Ichneumon flies (Hym.) 112 FISHER, W. S. : A new genus and species of Cerambycidae from Colo- rado (Coleo.) 38 Descriptions of a new genus and species of Burpres- tidae from Arizona (Col.) FISHER, W. S. : Descriptions of North American Ptinidae, with notes on an introduced Japanese species 181 Notes on Macrobasis murina Leconte (Coleo.) 1 GAHAN, A. B.: A new genus of Chalcid-wasp belonging to the family Eulophidae 2 A new species of the Serphidoid genus Dendrocerus (Hymenoptera) 121 CONTENTS GAHAN, A. B.: Descriptions of seven new species of Opius (Hymen- optera Braconidae) 161 GREENE, CHARLES T.: A new genus in Scatophagidae (Diptera) 126 HEINRICH, CARL, with BUSCK, A., and HUNTER, W. D.: Emerson Lis- cum Diven. . 177 HERBERT, FRANK B.: A new species of Matsucocctis from pines in Cali- fornia (Hemip.-Homop.) 157 HUNTER. W. D., with BUSCK, A., and HEINRICH, C.: Emerson Liscum Diven 1 77 HUTCHISON, R. H., and PIERCE, W. D.: Studies on the dry cleaning process as a means of de- stroying body lice 8 HOWARD, L. O., with CAUDELL, A. N., and BUSCK, A.: Frederick Knab 41 MALLOCK, J. R.: The generic status of Zodion palpalis Robertson (Dip- tera, Conopidae) with generic key to the family. . . . i'l)4 MORRISON, HAROLD: A report on a collection of Coccidae from Argen- tina, with descriptions of apparently new species (Horn.) 63 A new genus and species of Coccid from Lor- anthus (Hem. -Horn.) 1U7 MOSIER, C. A., and SNYDER, T. E.: Notes on the seasonal activity of Tabanidae in the lower Ever- glades of Florida 186 PIERCE, W. DWIGHT: Contributions to our knowledge of the weevils of the superfamily Curculionoidea '2\ PIERCE, W. DWIGHT, with BUSCK, AUGUST, and BOVING, ADAM G.: Captain Allan Hinson Jennings 61 PIERCE, W. D., with HUTCHISON, R. H.: Studies on the dry cleaning process as a means of de- stroying body lice ROHWER, S. A.: Description of a new Cynipoid from Trinidad 1 ">(> Descriptions of three parasites of Agrilus angelic us (Hym.) 4 SHANNON, R. C., with SNYDER, T. E.: Notes on the insect fauna of Bank Swallows' nests in Vir- ginia 110 SNYDER, T. E.: Some significant structural modifications in nearctic termites $7 SNYDER, T. E., with MOSIER, C. A.: Notes on the seasonal activity of Tabanidae in the lower Everglades of Florida 186' II CONTENTS SNYDER, T. E., and SHANNON, R. C.: Notes on the insect fauna of Bank Swallows' nests in Vir- ginia 110 TAKAHASHI, RYOICHI: Notes on some Japanese Aphididae 173 TOWNSEND, CHARLES H. T. : Notes on Leskiine synonymy (Dipt.). ... 20 WICKHAM, H. F. : Scaphinotus (Pseudonomaretus) mannii n. sp. (Cole- optera Carabidae) 170 Two new species of A saphidion from North Amer- ica (Coleoptera, Carabidae) 178 III VOL. 21 JANUARY 1919 No. 1 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON CONTENTS FISHER, W. S. NOTE ON MACROBASIS MURINA LECONTE (COLEO.) 1 GAHAN, A. B. A NEW GENUS OF CHALCID-WASP BELONGING TO THE FAMILY EULOPHIDAE 2 HUTCHISON, R. H., AND PIERCE, W. D. STUDIES ON THE DRY CLEANING PROCESS AS A MEANS OF DESTROYING BODY LICE 8 ROHWER, S. A. DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE PARASITES OF AGRILUS ANGELICUS (HYM.) 4 TOWNSEND, CHARLES H. T. NOTE ON LESKIINE SYNONYMY (DIPT.) 20 PUBLISHED MONTHLY EXCEPT JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Application for transfer of entry as second-class matter made at the post office at Wash- ington, D. C., under the act of July 16, 1894. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ORGANIZED MARCH 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 p.m. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the PROCEEDINGS and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over that submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1919. Honorary President E. A. SCHWARZ President E. R. SASSCER First Vice- President W. R. WALTON Second Vice-President. . A. B. GAHAN Recording Secretary ^ R. A. CUSHMAN Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer S. A. ROHWER U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Editor. . A. C. BAKER East Falls Church, Va. Representing the Society as a Vice-President of the Washington Academy of Science.. . .S. A. ROHWER EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. THE OFFICERS. A. N. CAUDELL. A. L. QUAINTANCE. CHAS. R. ELY. PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at Easton, Pa., and Washington,' D. C. Terms of subscription: Do- mestic, $4.00 per annum; foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological Society of Washington. Advertising rates on application to the Corresponding Secretary. Authors of leading articles in the PROCEEDINGS will be entitled to 25 separates of each contribution, free of charge, provided the Editor is notified before page proof is returned. Additional copies may be had at rates fixed by the Society. Certain charges are made on illustrations and there are rules and suggestions governing the make-up of articles published. Con- tributors may secure information on these points by application to the Editor or Corresponding Secretary. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOL. 21 JANUARY, Hi Mi No. 1 NOTE ON MACROBASIS MURINA LECONTE (COLEO.j. BY W. S. FISHER, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. Washington, D. C. In 1853 LeConte in his "Synopsis of the Meloides of the United States" (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, p. 344) described a species of Meloidae under the name Lytta marina from two male specimens from Lake Superior. When Dr. Horn wrote his "Re- vision of the Species of Several Genera of Meloidae of the United States" (Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., XIII, p. 92 (1873)) he placed this species as a synonym of Macrobasis unicolor Kirby with the following remark: "The species known as murina appears to be merely a badly developed form and not entitled to rank as a species." After this date the name has been dropped entirely from our lists. Among a lot of specimens received from Mr. F. E. Cobb, Mandan, North Dakota, there was a series of both sexes of this species which shows it to be quite distinct from unicolor, with which it has been placed as a synonym, and therefore, LeConte's name will have to be restored to our lists as a valid species. It is closely related to unicolor and at first glance may be mis- taken for a rubbed specimen of that species, but on closer ob- servation, it can be easily distinguished from that species by the sparse pubescence which is almost invisible on some of the specimens, allowing the surface of the elytra to be plainly seen and giving the beetle a blackish appearance, while in unicolor, the pubescence is more dense and conspicuous, nearly obscuring the surface of the elytra and giving the beetle a cinerous appearance. In murina the second joint of the antennae in the male is nearly as long as the following three joints united, slightly arcuate and com pressed, being twice as wide as the third which is cylindrical, while in unicolor the second joint in the male is scarcely as long as the following two joints united, straight and only slightly compressed. Mr. Cobb submitted specimens of both species with his letter of June 22, 1917, in which he writes, "These have been proving quite a serious menace to the Caraana sp. growing at tin- station. They appear to be two species. The medium and small black and PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAN., 1919 gray beetles breed with like color but do not cross, tho they have every appearance of being the same. They feed almost exclusively on the young growth and eat it entirely to the rib of the leaflets. There were a few seen last year but not to the extent to cause any special treatment for them." The species is represented in the collection of the U. S. National Museum by the following material : Eagle Harbor, Lake Superior, June (Hubbard & Schwarz); Eagle River, Lake Superior (Hub- bard & Schwarz); Marquette, Michigan, June and July (Hub- bard & Schwarz); Euclid, Minnesota, June 13, 1896 (R. P. Currie); Dakota (C. V. Riley, Coll.); Nebraska (H. Ulke); El- more, South Dakota, June and July (J. L. Webb) ; Mandan, North Dakota (F. E. Cobb). Dr. Paul Standley, Botanist of the Smithsonian Institution, has informed me that Caragana is a genus of trees found in southern Europe and Asia, which has been introduced into the United States for ornamental purposes and is sometimes known as the Pea Tree. A NEW GENUS OF CHALCID-WASP BELONGING TO THE FAMILY EULOPHIDAE. BY A. B. GAHAN, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. The new genus described below is remarkable among Eulophids because of the fact that it is practically wingless. This character at once distinguishes it from all other Eulophid genera known to the writer, with the exception of Melittobia. The latter genus is apterous or subapterous in the male sex only, while the new genus is wingless in the female. The male is unknown. The new genus is apparently not closely related to Melittobia since the antennal pedicel is longer, there are three distinct ring-joints and the funicle joints are more elongate; the scutellum is without any longitudinal grooves, the pronotum is shorter, the propodeum shorter and sculptured, while the general habitus of the insect is quite different, it being much more compact in appearance. The classification of the Eulophidae into subfamilies and tribes is largely based on wing venation which makes it extremely difficult to place this wingless form with any degree of accuracy. It appears however to belong to the subfamily Elachertinae, and to be very closely related to the genus Miotropis as represented by M. clisiocampae Ashmead. In fact, except for the undeveloped wings and a somewhat shorter propodeum it might well be con- sidered to belong to Miotropis. The new form is readily rec- ognized, however, and seems to be deserving of a new generic name which I have accordingly given it below. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAN., 1919 '.', Family EULOPHIDAE. Subfamily ELACHERTINAE. Apterolophus new genus. Antennae inserted at the clypeus, 11-jointcd, consisting of a slender scape, elongate pedicel, three distinct ring-joints, a .'j-jointed funicle, and a 3-jointed club. Head viewed from in front approximately as long as broad; antennal depression broad and deep, extending to the front ocellus; viewed from above the head is transverse, ocelli small, in an obtuse triangle, the lateral ocelli distant from the eye margins, occiput concave and immargined; ma idibles both tridentate, the ventral tooth acute and prominent, the two dorsal teeth very minute, dorsal margin of the mandible with a deep emargination near the middle; thorax somewhat flattened, pronotum short, more or less conical with a marginal row of about six stiff bristles; mesoscutum broader than long, only slightly convex, without a median groove, but with the parapsidal grooves deep and complete and with two pairs of stiff bristles on the prae- scutum, the axillae each with a single bristle; scutellum broader than long, only slightly convex, without any longitudinal grooves and with two pairs of widely separated bristles; metanotum short; propodeum short, granularly opaque, with a weak median longitudinal carina; wings reduced to mere scale-like appendages which barely extend beyond the base of abdomen; legs moderately slender, tarsi four-jointed, the hind tibiae apparently with two spurs, one of which is very minute; abdomen sessile, as viewed from above short, nearly circular in outline and usually broader than the thorax, the dor- sum nearly flat; ovipositor wholly concealed. Type of the genus. Apterolophus pulchricornis, new species. Apterolophus pulchricornis, new species. Female. Length .9 mm. Vertex and antennal depression smooth, checks and inner orbits very faintly sculptured; occiput finely reticulate; inesoscutum and scutellum faintly reticulate; metanotum and propodeum very fimlv granularly opaque; abdomen smooth. Antennal pedicel more than twice as long as thick and equal to or very slightly longer than the first funicle joint which is distinctly the longest of the funicle joints; joint two of the funicK 1 very slightly longer than joint three, the latter about one and one-half times as long as thick; club conico-cylindrical, scarcely broader than the funicle, a little longer than the two preceding funicle joints combined and 3-jointi . ! the joints subequal in length; ring-joints all transverse, the third about twice as broad as long and approximately equal to the other two combined. Scape, pedicel, ring-joints and club white; funicle joints black; head black; entire thorax and all legs pale testaceous; abdomen brownish black. Male unknown. Type locality. -Leeds, N. Y. Type. Cat. No. 21910 U. S. N. M. 4 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAN., 1919 Type and five paratypes mounted on card points and one paratype on a slide. Also antennae and mandibles of a seventh paratype mounted on a slide. All of these specimens were taken in August, 1918, crawling over the body of what is believed to be the prepupal larva of Epargyeus tityrus collected by Dr. W. M. Mann. Although there is no positive proof to support the assertion that the species is parasitic upon Epargyeus, it is likely that these females were upon the caterpillar for the purpose of ovipositing. DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE PARASITES OF AGRILUS ANGELICUS (HYM.). BY S. A. ROHWER, Bureau of Entomology. In a lot of Hymenopterous parasites of Agrilus angelicus Horn, recently submitted by H. E. Burke, were three new species. As it is desirable that their names be available, descriptions are presented herewith. Genus Ptinobius Ashmead. The antenna of the species of this genus has never been de- scribed and since they are unusual I take this opportunity to publish a figure of the antenna of each sex. The terminal joint is practically without sutures and the antenna appears to be eleven-jointed. Key to the species. 1. Propodeum covered with thimble-like punctures magnificus (Ashmead) Propodeum smooth, polished 2. Hind femora metallic; a dusky band below the marginal vein califoniicus Crawford. Hind femora mostly ferruginous; area below the marginal vein hy- aline > 2. Hind femora metallic; a dusky band below the marginal vein . . . . ; californicus Crawford. Hind femora mostly ferruginous; area below the marginal vein hy- aline o. Ocellocular line half as long as the interocular line; lateral furrows of propodeum foveolatc; area along median carina of propodeum punctured; the spot below the end of submarginal vein joining the band below the postmarginal vein .tcxuinis Crawford. Ocellocular line more than half as long as interocular line; lateral furrows of propodeum not foveolate; area along median carina smooth; spot below end of submarginal vein separated from the band below the postmarginal ii^ri/i Rohwer. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAN., 1919 O Ptinobius agrili, new species. Female. Length 4.25 mm. The anterior margin of the clypcus slightly reflexed, medianly with two grooves which converge dorsally so if continued they would meet between the antennae; head reticulate, below the middle of the eyes the reticulation tends to become concentric from the clupeus; ocelli in a low triangle, the interocellar line somewhat longer than the ocellocu- lar line which is subequal with the greatest diameter of a lateral ocellus ; seen from in front the inner margins of the eyes are parallel dorsally but sharply divergent below the middle; antenna as in figure; notum reticulato-punctate, more coarsely so on scutum and axillae; pronotum twice as wide as posterior width; propodeum polished, with a strong median carina; spiracles oval, ANTENNA OF Ptinobius agrili ROHWER. twice as long as wide; prcpectus and mesopleurae reticulato-punctate; meta- pleurae smooth shining dorsally, rathej feebly sculptured ventrallv; hind coxae very large, shining, but covered with reticulations j.first tergite and apical margins of the following smooth and shining; basal middle of the second tergite, most of the third, fourth and fifth, reticulato-punctate; sixth tergite shining but with setigerous punctures. Head and thorax bron/.y green. abdomen green with purplish reflections; antennae, except black apical joint, and legs beyond coxae, except a metallic green spot on apccies of hind femora exteriorly, ferruginous; wings hyaline with a dusky spot below end of sub- 6 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, XO. I, JAN., 1919 marginal, and a dusky band, which is broader in middle, below postmarginal; submarginal vein yellowish, remaining veins pale brown; body sparsely clothed with white hair. Male. Length 2.5 mm. Besides the usual sexual and secondary sexual characters, the male differs from the female only in having the sculpture more decicate. Head and thorax metallic green with a bronzy tint; abdomen metallic blue; legs, except the yellowish tarsi, metallic green; scape green, remaining joints black; wings hyaline with an elongate dusky spot which extends nearly across wing below postmarginal. Type locality. Palo Alto, California. Described from one female (type) and one male (allotype) reared from twigs of Ouercus agri folia infested by Agrilus angelicus and recorded under Bureau of Entomology No. Hopk. U. S. 12707a 8c . Material collected and reared by H. E. Burke. Also one paratype female reared from twigs of Ouercus agrifolia, infested by Agrilus angelicus, collected by A. G. Smith at Pasadena, California. Type. Cat. No. 21994 U. S. Nat. Mus. Dinotus agrili, new species. This new species runs satisfactorily to the genus Dinotus in both Ashmead's and Kurdjumov's keys and agrees well with a European specimen of this genus received from G. Mayr. In the American species the stigmatical vein is somewhat less widened and the abdomen is more ovate. Female. Length 2.5 mm. Head reticulato-punctate, more finely so on the vertex; interocellar line distinctly longer than the ocellocular line but not half as long as the postocellar line; antenna with three ring joints, the first funicle joint distinctly longer than any of the following which are of subequal length; club not prominent, broadly lanceolate, three jointed, the first two joints subequal the third shorter; pronotum narrow, sharply trun- cate anteriorly; mesonotum reticulato-punctate, the scutellum somewhat more finely so; propodeum shining, median and lateral carina^ prominent; mesepisternum and sides of propodeum reticulato-punctate; abdomen ovate, acute apically, shining; stigmatical vein greatly thickened apically the thick- ened part nearly trapezoidal in outline, the outer side of the vein but slightly thickened. Bronzy green with the Ifronze more prominent on scutellum and middle of the abdomen; scape, tibiae (except faint basal infuscation on the hind pair) the tarsi ferruginous; apices of hind tibiae whitish; wings hyaline, venation pale brown. Type locality. Pasadena, California. Described from four females (one type) reared by H. E. Burke from twigs of Ouercus agrifolia infested by Agrilus angelicus collected by A. G. Smith. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAN., 1919 7 Material recorded under Bureau of Entomology Xo. Hopk. U. S. 1306Sa 4 *. Type. Cat. No. 21993 U. S. Nat. Mus. Doryctes maculipennis, new species. The spotted wings will readily distinguish this species from any of its allies. Ashmead had given this species a manuscript name after one of its hosts, but since it has more than one host it seems to be desirable to chose a different name and I know of no Braconid which can more appropriately be called maculipennis. Female. Length 3.5; ovipositor beyond abdomen 1.25 mm. Head slightly narrowing posteriorly, smooth and shining, practically without punctures; dorsal aspect of pronotum granular; scutum granular with faint aciculations laterally, and medianly irregularly roughened; suture in front of the scutellum without regular rugae; scuttellum more shining than the scutum, with a few raised lines; propodeum shining dorsally and with fine, scattered punc- tures; median and transverse carinae rather well defined; mesepisternum mostly smooth and shining; first recurrent one-fifth its length basad of first intercubitus; second intercubitus obsolesent; second and third abcissae of radius subequal in length; nervulus postfurcal by nearly its length; first two and base of third tergites granular and in addition with irregular wrinkles which are stronger basally; apical part of third and all the remaining tergites smooth and shining; ovipositor about half as long as the abdomen. Black; legs and an obscure U-shaped band on second tergite piceous; wings hyaline, the anterior wing with many fuscous spots arranged thus; along basal and extending into submedian cell apically, along first abcissa of cubitus, on both sides of first abcissa of radius and in first cubital behind first intercubitus, longitudinal line in second cubital, subcircular spot a basal middle of third cubital, subquadrate spot at anterior middle of radial, spot on both sides at apex of radius, spot in apical middle of third cubital, two spots in branchical cell, one near base and other near apex, and both sides of recurrent; venation dark brown. Body sparsely covered with rather long white hair. Male. Length 3.5 mm. Other than the usual sexual differences agrees with the female. Paratypes show that the strength of the irregular lines on the tergites varies with the size of the specimen, and that the exact size of the fuscous wing spots may vary. In one specimen the apical spots are so enlarged as to be almost confluent. Type locality. Shingle- Springs, California. Described from two females (one type) and two males (one allotype) reared from cocoons taken in the larval mines of a species of Antlm.\'ia work- ing in redbud (Celtic ivnifonnis). Material collected and reared by H. E. Burke under Bureau of Entomology No. Hopk. I'. S. 12719 b 1 (type and two males) and 12719 />-. ' PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAN., 1919 Other localities. Palo Alto, California. Three females and three males recorded under Bureau of Entomology Nos. Hopk. U. S. 12707 e l and 12707 e s . Material collected and reared by H. E. Burke who notes it is parasitic on Agrilus angelicus living in twigs of Ouercus agrifolia. Chirichaua Mountains, Arizona. Two females and three males reared by H. G. Hubbard under his number 7451 which states it is parasitic on Chramesws n. sp., mining in Robinia neomexicana. Type. Cat. No. 21991, U. S. Nat. Mus. STUDIES ON THE DRY CLEANING PROCESS AS A MEANS OF DES- TROYING BODY LICE. BY R. H. HUTCHISON AND W. D. PIERCE, Bureau of Entomology. At the request of Dr. H. E. Mechling, Chief of the Dry Cleaning Branch, Salvage Division, in the office of the Director of Purchase and Storage, Q. M. C., U. S. Army, we have undertaken a series of tests to determine the efficiency of the dry cleaning processes as a means of freeing garments of the body lice, Pediadus humanus, var. corporis (vestimenti) . In this work we were influenced by the following consideration; namely, that there is serious objection to treatment of wool uniforms, overcoats or other woolen dress goods by steam under pressure on account of the resulting shrink- age and actual damage to the material. Fulton and Staniford 1 have shown how the steam sterilization method can be modified to avoid such damage, but their process requires very careful observation and a skilled operator. If, then, the dry cleaning process is effective in destroying lice and nits, it is unquestionably a better practice for the treatment of infested woolens in that there is no tendency to shrinkage nor damage to the goods, while in addition cleansing and sterilizing is effected. We include in this article the substance of our reports to Doctor Mechling concerning the practical dry cleaning experiments and have added the results of certain laboratory tests made to elucidate certain points which came up in the course of the work. It is published with the hope that it will be of interest and of some value, not only to those concerned with the care of the soldiers during demobilization, but also to quarantine, immigration, jail, hospital, and public health officials who may have to consider delousing measures in the course of their work. Our results will also serve to correct erroneous impressions which may have been 1 Fulton, D., & Staniford, K. J. The Sterilization of Woolen Blankets and Uniforms. Journ. Am. Med. Assn., vol. 71, no. 10, pp. XL'o-SLM , Si'pt. 7, 1918. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL,. 21, NO. I, JAX., 1919 9 gained from certain published statements concerning the value of gasoline as a vermicide. The Dry Cleaning Process. We investigated what is known as the open rotary washer system, as specified by the Dry Cleaning Branch, Salvage Division, O. M. C. The specifications read as follows: ( )PEN ROTARY WASHER SYSTEM : (1) a. Goods shall be washed in Benzole, Naphtha or (.inxn/inc, specific gravity of which shall not be less than 56 degrees by Hydrometer test. b. One gallon of cleaning fluid shall be used to every two pounds of goods. c. Two ounces of Standard dry cleaning soap shall he used to every ten pounds of goods. d. One ounce of 26% ammonia shall be used to every twenty-live pounds of goods. e. All goods shall be washed 30 minutes and rinsed 15 minutes. /. All clothing must be extracted for a period of not less than 3 minutes between the wash and the rinse. g. Cleaning or washing fluid to be used once; rinsing fluid once, only for rinsing, after which it may be used for washing fluid, once only, by adding soap and ammonia as specified in paragraphs (b) and (c). h. All cleaning fluid used for washing shall be new, distilled or ciirined. i. All cleaning fluid used for rinsing shall be new or distilled. j. After cleaning, all goods shall be inspected and all spots removed by a process known as "spotting," after which, if garments are not satisfactory, they shall be steam cleaned by the following method: Goods to be immersed in water at temperature of hand heat, which contains enough carbonated soda to soften the water, after which they shall be brushed with a neutral soap mid water at hand heat, after which they shall be rinsed in two waters at hand heat and dried, as in (2c). (2) a. After goods are cleaned they shall be run in a drying tumbler at a temperature not less than 160 degrees for 30 minutes, the tempera- ture to be taken at point of discharge of air from tumbler. b. If a dry room is used, goods, after being thoroughly dried and de- odorized, shall hang in the dry room at a temperature of not less than 160 degrees for 30 minutes, after which they shall be run in a dust wheel for 20 minutes. c. After goods are wet cleaned, they shall be dried in drying rooms m open air at a temperature not exceeding Kill drives Fahrenheit (71.1 C.). The Smith system of dry cleaning differs only slightly from the open rotary washer system, and the conclusions reached from the study of the open rotary washer system will apply equulK to the Smith system. 10 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAN., IQIQ In the Barbe system goods are washed in gasoline heated by means of a steam jacket surrounding the washer, and it is re- quired that the goods be dried for 70 minutes at a temperature of 210 F. (98.8 C.) as registered on the upper gauge inserted through the side of the machine insulated from the steam jacket. The temperature requirements of this system are so high that it is obviously efficient in destroying both lice and their eggs. Practical Dry Cleaning Experiments. Practical experiments under actual dry cleaning conditions were made at a commercial establishment in Washington. 1 The com- plete process was tested as follows: Experiment i. Complete process. The washer used was a standard dry cleaning rotary washer measuring 32" X 50". About 15" of gasoline was let into the machine. The fluid used was clarified gasoline at a temperature of 65 F. (18 C.) and gave a hydrometer reading of 60 Baume. A load of 45 pounds of goods was put in. About one-half pound of standard dry cleaning soap and two ounces of ammonia were used. With this load were placed two army O. D. wool shirts. One of these contained in the right hand pocket a small piece of cloth to which were attached 107 eggs, 1-3 days old; in the left hand pocket, 102 eggs, 5-7 days old. The load was washed for thirty minutes, then extracted for about three minutes in a basket centrifugal wringer. This shirt with the rest of the load was then rinsed in new gasoline for fifteen minutes, and again extracted. Then followed drying in the tumbler. The temperature in the tumbler as read at the exhaust rose minute by minute as follows : 56.0, 01.1, 63.0, 65.5, 06.6, 68.3, G9"7, 70.8, 71.1 C. In other words the requisite minimum of 71 C. was reached in about ten minutes. We did not follow the specifications of leav- ing the goods in the tumbler for thirty minutes, but reduced the time to fifteen minutes measured from the time that 71 C. was first reached. After five minutes the temperature was 75.8; after ten minutes, 79.7 ; after fifteen minutes, 83.3 C. The goods were then removed from the tumbler, and the eggs were removed from the shirt and returned to pill boxes and kept in an incubator at body surface temperature, i. e., at about 28 to 30 C. Check lots of untreated eggs were kept under the same incubator conditions. The hatching record was as follows: 1 The writers are indebted to Mr. Bert Carter of tin- Curmack Pry Cleaning Company for providing all fucilitii s for these tests. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAX., IQIQ 11 In right pocket, 107 eggs 1-3 days old, hatched, 0%, com- pletely collapsed. Untreated check, 103 eggs 1-3 days old, 65 hatched, 63.1%. In left pocket, 102 eggs 5-7 days old, hatched, 0%, com- pletely collapsed. Untreated check, 91 eggs 57 days old, 48 hatched, 52.7%. The results showed that the eggs subjected to the complete process were entirely destroyed. Further experiments proved that the heat of the dry tumbler is an essential factor in the process. The first steps in the process can not be counted upon to destroy all eggs. This is clearly shown in the following experiments: Experiment 2. Wash and rinse only. A shirt containing in the pockets two lots of eggs, A and B, was treated as follows: Washed 30 minutes in gasoline-soap-ammonia ; temperature of 18.3 C Extracted 3 minutes Rinsed !"> minutes in new gasoline at 18.3 C. 1 Extracted 3 minutes The hatching record of these eggs and of their untreated checks is as follows: Number of Number Percentage eggs. Age. hatched, hatched. Remarks. A. M 1 -3 days 1 l.l'.i', Embryo fully formed in a B 100 3-5 days 1 1% few others Check for A 54 1-3 days 43 79 . 6% Check for B 100 3-3 days 52 52% Experiment 3. Wash and rinse only. In another experiment we prolonged the wasli to 45 minutes. One O. D. wool shirt was used with a small load of about ten pounds of goods. The shirt contained the following experimental ma- terial : A. In left pocket, 102 eggs, 5-7 days old. B. In right pocket, 103 eggs, 1-3 days old. 16 lice in chiffon sack. It was treated as follows : Washed 4.~> minutes in clarified gasoline at 18 C. with the addition of Vz pint of ammonia and about 2 ounces of dry cleaning soap KxtraeU-d ." minutes. Rinsed 1"> minutes in ne\v :-,;iM>line at IS" C. I {\ traded .j minutes. 12 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAN., On removal all the lice were dead and soon took on a dark brown color and shriveled appearance. The eggs were returned to pill boxes and kept in an incubator at 30 C. The hatching record obtained was: A 102 eggs 69 hatched 67 . 6% Check 75 eggs 70 hatched 93 . 3% B 130 eggs 102 hatched 78.4% Check 64 eggs 35 hatched 54 . 7% The results show that the wash and rinse in gasoline may be counted on to destroy adult and immature stages of lice, but that a high percentage of the eggs may survive a total period of one- hour immersion. It was thus shown that the high temperature of the dry tumbler is an essential factor in the dry cleaning process for the destruction of the nits. Since the specifications above quoted require the use of the dry tumbler by those doing contract work for the army, it may be stated positively that the complete process is effective in destroying both the lice and their more resistant eggs. Under other circumstances, however, it is possible that a dry tumbler might not be used, but that the clothing after ex- traction might be dried in the open air or in a drying room in which temperatures might be too low to render destruction complete. With this consideration in mind we conducted further experi- ments to determine whether the washing process itself could be so modified as to insure complete destruction of the eggs without depending at all on high temperatures. In view of the probability that an oil heavier than gasoline would kill vermin more quickly, it was decided to try washing in a heavier oil and then rinsing in gasoline. The gasoline used in the above experiments had a specific gravity of 60 Baume. Kerosene gives a hydrometer reading of about 45 Baume. By mixing kerosene and gasoline in approxi- mately equal parts, we obtained an oil of about 52 Baume. This was used in the following experiments as the washing fluid: Experiment 4. Gasoline-kerosene wash only. One O. D. wool coat with eggs in the pockets was Washed 30 minutes in 52 oil at temperature of 15 C. ca. 4 oz. dry cleaning soap, ca. 2 oz. ammonia. The eggs were then removed from the pockets and were not subjected to any further treatment, but were partially dried by blotting with dry cloth and returned to pill boxes and kept in the incubator at 28-30 C. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAN., 1919 !'! Hatching Record. In left pocket, 122 eggs, 3-5 days old, none hatched. In right pocket, 225 eggs, 1-3 days old, none hatched. Check lots, 1 15 eggs, 3-5 days old, 76 hatched, (50%. 160 eggs, 1-3 days old, 152 hatched, 95%. Experiment 5. Gasoline-kerosene wash and gasoline rinse. Another coat with eggs in the pockets was Washed 15 minutes in same fluid as Experiment 4. Extracted. Rinsed In minutes in gasoline (60 Baume). The eggs were removed after the rinse and returned to pill boxes and kept in the incubator. Hatching Record. In left pocket, ca. 250 eggs, 3-5 days old, 62 hatched, 25%. In right pocket, ca. 325 eggs, 1-3 days old, 202 hatched, 62.1% Check lots, same as for Experiment 4. Experiment 6. Gasoline-kerosene wash and gasoline rinse. Another coat with eggs was Washed ,.':>() minutes in same fluid as Experiment 4. Extracted. Rinsed 15 minutes in gasoline (60 Baume). Eggs were then removed from pockets and kept under same conditions as in previous experiments. Hatching Record. In left pocket, 160 eggs, 3-5 days old, 23 hatched, 14.3%. In right pocket, 140 eggs, 1-3 days old, 66 hatched, 47.1%. Check lots, same as in Experiment 4. Experiment 7. Gasoline-kerosene wash and gasoline rinse-. Another coat with eggs was Washed 45 minutes in same fluid as Experiment 4. Extracted. Rinsed 15 minutes in gasoline (b'U Baume). Eggs were then removed from the pockets and kept under the same conditions as in previous experiments. Hatching Record. In left pocket, 175 eggs, 35 days old, 19 hatched, 10.8%. In right pocket, 128 eggs, 1 3 days old, 37 hatched, 28.9%. Check lots, same as Experiment 4. 14 PROC. ENT. SOC, WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAN., 1919 The results of this series of experiments may be stated as fol- lows: 1. A thirty-minute wash in 52 Baume oil, when not followed by rinsing or any treatment other than extraction, prevented all eggs from hatching (Experiment 4). 2. When a 15-minute rinse in 60 Baume gasoline followed the 15-, 30-, and 45-minute wash in the 52 Be. oil, a considerable percentage of eggs hatched in each case. 3. The records of Experiments 5 to 7, as tabulated below, show a progressive decrease in the percentage of eggs hatching as time of the washing period is increased. IVriod of time ir> washing fluid of 52 Baume, followed by 15 minutes' rinse in 60 Baume oil. Untreated r~ checks. 15 min. 30 min. 45 min. Percentage hatching of eggs 3-5 days old 66% 25% 14.3% 10.8% Percentage hatching of eggs 1-3 days old 95% 62.1% 47.1% 28,'."', 4. It is concluded therefore, that washing in heavier oil (52 Baume), when followed at once by rinsing in gasoline, is of no practical value as far as the destruction of the eggs is con- cerned. It was suggested by a correspondent (J. E. Fox, Great Falls Dye House, Great Falls, Mont., letter dated October 14, 1918) that infested clothing be soaked in kerosene for 24 hours, then ex- tracted and dry cleaned in the usual manner. He states that after some experiments along this line some years ago, this plan was adopted by his firm, as it appeared to kill both lice and nits and it offered a further advantage in that certain greases responded more readily to the kerosene than to gasoline. We did not have opportunity to try out this method on a practical scale, but in some laboratory tests detailed below it was found that a 24-hour soaking in kerosene followed by rinsing in gasoline was not effec- tive in preventing all hatching of eggs. Laboratory Tests with Oils. A series of laboratory tests was carried out in order to de- termine more exactly the killing power of oils of different specific gravity. It was considered especially important to check up the results with gasoline. Kinloch (Brit. Med. Jl., No. 2842, pp. 1038-41. June 19, 1915) states that "it has so far been found impossible to revive the lice or rear the eggs after immersion in petrol for one minute." Grubbs (1916, Reprint No. 370 U. S. Public Health Reports) has evidently been mislead by Kinlock's statement in devising a gasoline-soap emulsion for bathing the PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAX., 1919 15 body of infested persons. The results of our tests show clearly that neither gasoline nor gasoline-soap emulsion are of any value in destroying nits. In these as in previous tests eggs of known age obtained from laboratory reared animals were used. Pieces of cloth to which the eggs were attached were immersed in the oil for varying periods of time, and on removal were dried between blotters (thus ap- proximating the extraction of the dry cleaning process) and re- turned to pill boxes and kept in the incubator at a temperature of 28-30 C. Experiments with Gasoline, 60 Baume. Temperature of oil. Number of eggs. Age at Number Percentage treatment, hatched, hatched. 25.5 C. ca. 290 6-8 days 191 65.. V, 25.5 C. ca. 300 6-8 days 174 ~,v' .),> , 25.5 C. ca. 200 6-8 days 98 4'.)', 25. 5 C. ca. 235 6-8 days 86 36.ii', 25 C. 180 5-7 days 79 43. X', 25 C. 104 5-7 days 30 28.: s', 25 C. 280 5-7 days 158 56.4% .5-26. 5 C. 150 3-5 days 35 23.3% 20-27 C. 245 1-3 days 79 32.2% .5-26.5 C. 155 3-5 days 1 0.6% 20-27 C. 540 1-3 days 101 18.7', Treat rnent. Immersed for period of 30 minutes 1 hour 1 ' ''._. hours 12 hours 3 hours 4 hours 21 hours l'(i' '.hours 23 50 hours 52 '/z hours 23 54 hours . . In another series we used a mixture of about 2 parts gasoline and 1 part kerosene having a specific gravity of 56 Baume. Hatching has occurred in all tests after immersion for periods of from two minutes to seventeen hours. Longer immersion tests have not been completed and the minimum time required to effect destruction of the eggs is as yet undetermined. When gasoline and kerosene are mixed in approximately equal parts, the resulting mixture has a specific gravity of 52 Baume. Tests with this mixture showed 2.6% hatching after a 5-minute immersion, but no hatching after immersion periods of from 10 minutes to one hour. A 48 Baume mixture (about 2 parts kerosene and 1 part gasoline) killed all eggs after lo minutes or longer periods of im- mersion. After 10 minutes, 2 out of 240 eggs or 0.8% hatched; 1.2', hatched after 2 minutes' immersion. The kerosene used in this series gave a hydrometer reading of 44 Baume. The following records will be of interest for com- parison with gasoline: 1C) PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAN., 1919 Experiments with Kerosene, 44 Baume. Temperature of Number of Age at Number Percentage Treatment. oil. eggs. treatment, hatched hatched. Immersed for period of 2 minutes 25 C. 195 5-7 days 1 0.51', 2 minutes.. 25 C. 330 5-7 days 43 13.0', 5 minutes.. 25 C. 87 5-7 days 5 minutes 25 C. 255 5-7 days 3 1.17', 10 minutes. . 25 C. 235 5-7 days 15 minutes... 25 C. 138 5-7 days 15 minutes 25 C. 550 5-7 days 15 minutes . 25 C. 360 1-3 days 30 minutes.. 26 C. 85 4-6 days 45 minutes... 26 C. 175 4-6 days 1 hour. 26 C. 105 4-6 days H/2 hours 26 C. ca. 280 4-6 days The above series of oils are .discussed in the order of increasing specific gravity but it must not be inferred that there is any relation between the specific gravity and ovicidal properties. 1 A sample of benzol was used which was heavier than kerosene, having a specific gravity of 30.5 Baume. The following experi- ments indicate that it does not act as quickly as the 52 Baume gasoline-kerosene mixture : Experiments with Benzol. Temperature Number of Age at Number Percentage Treatment. of oil. eggs. treatment hatched. hatched. Immersed for period of 15 minutes 23. 5 C. ca. 125 0-4 days 66 52. S' , 30 minutes.. 23. 5 C. ca. 200 0-4 days 127 63.5', 45 minutes.. 23.5C. ca. 250 0-4 days 238 95. L", 1 hour. 23. 5 C. ca. 200 0-4 days 50 25 .<)' , 2 hours.. 23. 5 C. ca. 260 5-7 days 4 hours... 23.5C. ca. 350 5-7 days Further experiments with this oil are necessary before any definite statement can be made. If it is effective against eggs of 1 The Baume scale is used in the trade. The more scientific specific gravity equivalents for the Baume degrees mentioned in this paper are as follows: 30.5 Baume .... .... 0.875s g 44 ... SOD s. g. 48 . . 0.7i'2 s. g. 52 ... 0.775s. g. 56 0.75S s g 60 . 0.74:! s. g. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAN., 1919 17 all ages and conditions after '2 hours' immersion it could be used for a two-hour preliminary soaking of clothing followed by the usual dry cleaning process. If this proves to be the case it will provide what we sought, namely, a washing process which is effective in itself without depending on high temperatures of the tumbler. 1 The method of soaking in kerosene and then washing in gasoline as suggested by Mr. J. E. Fox was tested under varying labora- tory conditions. Eggs were immersed for periods of from 2 to 5 minutes, then partially dried between blotters. Twenty-one and one-half hours later they were immersed in gasoline for If) minutes. They were also soaked in kerosene for 24 hours and then immersed in gasoline for 2 hours. The following table includes for comparison one record of immersion for 15 minutes in kerosene followed at once by 15 minutes in gasoline: Kerosene Followed by Gasoline Rinse. Number of Age at Number Percentage Treatment. eggs. treatment. hatched. hatched. Immersion in kerosene 2 minutes and after 21 '/-> hours soaked in gasoline 15 minutes 300 5-7 days 150 50' , Kerosene 5 minutes then after 121' '-, hours soaked in gasoline 15 minutes .. 150 5-7 days 40 26. (!' ,' Kerosene 15 minutes then rinsed at once in gasoline 15 minutes. 460 5-7 days 215 46.7', Kerosene for 24 hours then rinsed at once in gasoline for 2 hours 5 Id 5-7 days 225 44 . 1 ' , In another series of experiments with the 52 Baume gasoline- kerosene mixture, similar results were obtained; that is, the 52 oil alone was effective in 15 minutes, but when this 15 minutes' immersion was followed by rinsing in gasoline, from .'}().(>% to 57.7% of the eggs hatched. It seemed to make no difference whether the gasoline rinse followed at once or after an interval of 24 hours. On the strength of these laboratory tests, therefore, we are of the opinion that a preliminary 24-hour soaking in either 52 Baume mixture or in kerosene will not render the washing process entirely effective in destroying eggs. Gasoline-Soap Emulsion. Grubbs' gasoline-soap emulsion, mentioned above, was de- 1 Further experiments, completed since the above was written, show that 2 to 4 hours' immersion in benzol is entirely effective in destroying eggs, and subsequent washing and rinsing in gasoline does not neutralize this effecl IS PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAN., 1919 vised for the purpose of treating the bodies of infested immigrants, while their clothing and effects were fumigated. Gasoline rather than kerosene was used in this emulsion on the strength of certain published statements (probably Kinloch's) as to the effectiveness of gasoline. Our results with gasoline led us to question the value of the gasoline-soap emulsion. Laboratory tests were therefore carried out with emulsions made according to Grubbs' formula and used under conditions approximating the bathing procedure described by him. The stock emulsion is made of Soap 1 part Water 4 parts Gasoline 4 parts The soap is dissolved in water by heating, then after removal from the fire, the gasoline is stirred in until a good emulsion of creamy consistency is formed. Before use this stock is diluted in 5 to 10 parts water. We prepared two emulsions, one made with a cheap grade of laundry soap and the other with a so-called insecticidal soap of the formula Fuel oil 25.70', Paraffin oil 8.57', Oleic acid 42.16% NaOH solution, 32 Baume 23 . 57% In both cases the stock was diluted in five parts water before the tests. The cloth with eggs attached was immersed in the emulsion for periods of from 5 to 30 minutes, all of which are longer periods of contact than would obtain in Grubbs' pro- cedure in which a tank and shower bath followed immediately after spraying the body. In our tests the eggs were rinsed 1 to 2 minutes in water after removal from the emulsion, dried between blotters and returned to the incubator. A check was run with insecticidal soap alone. Twenty-five grams of the soap were dissolved in 200 cc. of water and this stock diluted in four parts water. The results are given in the following table : Gasoline-Soap Emulsion. Temperature of Number of Age at Number Percentage Treatment. emulsion. eggs, treatment, hatched, hatched. Gasoline-soap emulsion followed by 1 -minute rinse in water : 5 minutes 29 .5-32 C. 122 5-7 days 50 41', 10 minutes 29 .5-32 C. 02 5-7 days 14 22 .5% 15 minutes 29 .5-32 C. 180 5-7 days 99 55% 20 minutes 21) .5-32 C. ca. 220 5-7 days 132 tiO' , PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAN., 1919 19 25 minutes 29 .5-32 C. ca. 130 5-7 days 64 49 .2% 30 minutes 29. 5-32 C. ca. 200 5-7 days 2.5% Gasoline insecticidal soap emulsion, then rinsed in water for 2 minutes: 5 minutes 31 C. 126 4-6 days 81 64 .2% 10 minutes 31 C. ca. 240 4-6 days 181 75 .4% 20 minutes 31 C. ca. 185 4-6 days 165 89 .2% 30 minutes 31 C. ca. 225 4-6 days 91 40 .4 ' , Insecticidal soap alone followed by rinse in water : 5 minutes 23. 5 C. 90 .5-7 days 42 46.0', 10 minutes 23 .5 C. 82 5-7 days 47 57.3% 20 minutes 23. 5 C. ca. 180 5-7 days 150 83.3', 30 minutes 23 .5 C. ca. 210 5-7 days 201 95.7% The results indicate that the gasoline-soap emulsion has little or no effect in destroying eggs of body lice. Conclusions. 1. The open rotary washer system of dry cleaning, when done according to the specifications quoted, is entirely effective in destroying both the active stages and the eggs of body lice and has additional advantages in the cleansing of the garments and absence of shrinkage. 2. The high temperature required in the drying tumbler was found to be essential for the destruction of the eggs. 3. The wash and rinse in gasoline are effective in destroying active stages but a large percentage of the eggs will survive this part of the process. 4. Gasoline itself is of no value as an ovicide, 18.7% of the eggs in one test hatched after 54 hours' immersion in gasoline. 5. An attempt to find a washing formula which of itself would be effective without depending on the high temperature of the drying tumbler was not successful, although results of one experi- ment with benzol, 30.5 Baume, indicated that the oil could be used for this purpose, if infested garments were soaked 2 to 4 hours before washing. 6. A preliminary soaking in kerosene or in a 52 Baume kero- sene-gasoline mixture followed by washing in gasoline was found in laboratory tests to be ineffective. 7. Laboratory tests with a series of oils showed that benzol (30.5 Baume) killed after 2-4 hours' immersion; kerosene (44 Be.) killed within 10 minutes; gasoline-kerosene mixtures 20 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAN., 1919 (48 Be. and 52 Be.) killed after 15 minutes; a 56 Be. mixture did not kill within 17 hours. Gasoline did not kill all eggs after 54 hours' immersion. 8. When immersion in any of the heavier oils was followed by a rinse in gasoline, hatching occurred. 9. Gasoline-soap emulsion was found to have little killing effect on eggs even after 30 minutes' immersion. NOTE ON LESKIINE SYNONYMY (DIPT.). BY CHARLES H. T. TOWNSEND. Mr. H. E. Smith's paper in Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, XIX, 122-6, calls for correction. My paper in Proc. U. S. N. M., vol. 49, 617-33 (wrongly referred to as Smiths. Misc. Colls.), was not intended as a revision of Coquillett's species in their entirety in any given group but simply as a means of erecting genera wherever needed. Hence only genotypes were mentioned. The following is the synonymy of the species mentioned under Leskia in the Aldrich catalogue, exclusive of Wulp's species which must await further material: Dexia analis Say belongs without doubt to Dejeaniopalpus T. Myobia depile Coq. equals Dexia diadema Wied., which is a Leskiopalpus T. The species ranges from Florida through Mexico to Brazil. L. calidus T. is a northern form. There is a type specimen of depile in the U. S. N. M. from Jacksonville, Fla. Dexia flavipennis Wied. is also a Leskiopalpus. It occurs in South America and the West Indies. Myobia flavipennis Wulp (nee Wied.) equals Stomoxys cothur- nata Wd. vel sp. aff. and is a Stomatodexia BB. Drepanoglossa occidentalis Coq. equals Masicera eucerata Bigot, which is the genotype of Sipholeskia T. Myobia gilensis T. is a Sipholeskia and very close to eucerata. It differs, however, in the pale brassy mesoscutum, golden scutellum and distinctly yellowish tegulae, and evidently re- presents a distinct form inhabiting the mountain regions from New Mexico to Chihuahua, while eucerata is the Pacific slope form. Myobia thecata Coq. does not belong in this tribe. It is allied to Telothyria Wp. Finally, Siphoclytia T. (type, robcrtsonii T.) belongs in the Leskiini; Drepanoglossa T. (type, litcens T.) belongs in the Cro- cutini; Epigrimyia T. (type, polita T.) belongs in the Cylindro- myiini. Actual Date of Publication, February 24, ipio. VOL. 21 FEBRUARY 1919 No. 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON CONTENTS BAKER, A. C. THE IDENTITY OF SMYNTHURODES BETAE WEST. (HON.) 36 CAUDELL, A. N. PALM ODES PRAESTANS AND ITS PREY (ORTH.) 40 FISHER, W. S. A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF CERAMBYCIDAE FROM COLORADO (COLEO.) 38 PIERCE, W. DWIGHT. CONTRIBUTIONS TO OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE WEEVILS OF THE SUPERFAMILY CURCULIONOIDEA . .... 21 PUBLISHED MONTHLY EXCEPT JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Application for transfer of entry as second-class matter made at the post office at Wash- ington, D. C., under the act of July 16, 1894. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in Section 1 103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ORGANIZED MARCH 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 p.m. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the PROCEEDINGS and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over that submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1919. Honorary President E. A. SCHWARZ President E. R. SASSCER First Vice- President W. R. WALTON Second V ice-President A. B. GAHAN Recording Secretary R. A. CUSHMAN Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer S. A. ROHWER U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Editor A. C. BAKER East Falls Church, Va. Representing the Society as a Vice-P 'resident of the Washington Academy of Science.. . .S. A. ROHWER EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. THE OFFICERS. A. N. CAUDELL. A. L. QUAINTANCE. CHAS. R. ELY- PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at Easton, Pa., and Washington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Do- mestic, $4.00 per annum; foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological Society of Washington. Advertising rates on application to the Corresponding Secretary. Authors of leading articles in the PROCEEDINGS will be entitled to 25 separates of each contribution, free of charge, provided the Editor is notified before page proof is returned. Additional copies may be had at rates fixed by the Society. Certain charges are made on illustrations and there are rules and suggestions governing the make-up of articles published. Con- tributors may secure information on these points by application to the Editor or Corresponding Secretary. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOL. 21 FEBRUARY, 1919 No. 2 CONTRIBUTIONS TO OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE WEEVILS OF THE SUPERFAMILY CURCULIONOIDEA. BY W. DWIGHT PIERCE. In 1916 the writer 1 published a synopsis of the classification of the Rhynchophora which he has adopted as far as the division into superfamilies is concerned, leaving the details as to lower groups for future discussions. It is of course to be understood that continued studies of morphological and biological characters may lead to many modifications in the system now in use. A number of general observations of importance have been made which may be mentioned at this time and will be followed up from time to time by detailed studies. 1. The structure of the larvae and pupae of weevils is of very great importance in the taxonomy of the group. 2. All the species of weevil larvae and pupae so far studied can be identified and separated from each other by good charac- ters. 3. It will ultimately be possible for the systematist to identify whatever larvae are submitted, at least to the genus. Such in- formation if quickly obtained may save months of time. 4. The characters of the immature stages will often decide doubtful questions as to the location of a group in the classifica- tion. One such example is the finding that Gymnaetron is related to Anthonomus. 5. The use of the thoracic sclerites is of greater importance even than was ascribed to them by LeConte and Horn, but \\v have much detailed work to do before beginning a more extensive use of these characters. 6. The genera of weevils are usually definitely defined groups separable not only on morphological but also on biological char- acters. The writer has found a number of genera, such as Rhyn- chites and Apion, which contain many subgenera, to be really separable into valid genera on the basis of both habit and struc- ture. 1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 51, No. 2159, pp. 461-464, Dec. 21 22 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 2, FEB., 1919 7. No genus or larger group should be studied alone from the standpoint of a single geographic region or subdivision. We must take into account the occurrence of the group in other parts of the world and the work done upon it elsewhere. Our American classification has yet to be coordinated with the European. In the present paper part of that coordination is attempted. The present paper is divided into several separate titles which represent, one might say, building materials for the erection of the structure of weevil classification. I. A SYNOPSIS OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE CURCTJLION- OIDEA. Superfamily Curculionoidea Hopkins (1911). Table of families of Curculionoidea. 1. Mandibles with deciduous tip, leaving a scar; mentum generally large and covering the maxillae ; beak more or less robust, never slender and filiform; scrobes attaining, or almost so, the commissure of the mouth 1 PSALLIDIIDAE Pierce. Mandibles without deciduous piece; mentum often very small, maxillae free 2 . Prosternum not sulcate between the coxae, which are usually con- tiguous (Synmerida) 3 Anterior coxae more or less distant (Apostasimerida) 7 3 . Pygidium always covered by elytra; tarsal claws connate or free, never appendiculate 4 Pygidium exposed, or in default, tarsal claws appendiculate (Py- gidophora) 6 4. Metasternum very short; metathoracic episternum narrow (Brachy- stetha) Metasternum more or less elongate; metathoracic episternum at least moderately large (Macrostetha) 4 HYPERIDAE Pierce. 5 . Submentum not pedunculate ; tibiae unarmed, very rarely and then briefly mucronate at apex 2 PSAUDURIDAE Pierce. Submentum pedunculate 3 LIPARIDAE, new family. 6 . Abdominal segments not angulate at sides . . 5 CURCULIONIDAE Leach. Abdominal segments angulate at sides b 1 CIONIDAE, new family. 7. Antennal club articulated; third joint of tarsi bilobed (Aulacostetha) . Antennal club compact; third joint of tarsi almost always entire (Cyclopoda) 9 8. Mesothoracic epimera not ascending 7 OROBITIDAE Pierce. Mesothoracic epimera ascending. . . .8 CRYPTORHYNCHIDAE Pierce. 9 . Pygidium exposed 9 RYNCHOPHORIDAE Pierce. Pygidium covered 10 COSSONIDAE Shuckard. The classification thus proposed follows very closely that of Lacordaire, differing principally by the higher rank of the groups PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 2, FEB., 1919 and the difference in nomenclature. The generic nomenclature has received very careful attention by the writer and is in strict adherence to the rules of nomenclature and the opinions of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. In the following discussion the type genera are considered only. i. Family Psallidiidae Pierce (1916). Otiorhynchidae LeConte (1S74). Brachyrrhinidae Bedel (1885). Brachyrhinidae Pierce (1913). Psallidiidae Pierce (1916). The North American classification is treated by the writer in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 45, pp. 372-426, May 23, 11)13. Type genus. Psallidium (Hellwig) Illiger, 1798, Verzeichniss der Kafer Preussens, p. 497. Type maxillosus Fabricius, designated by Schonherr (1826) in Cure. Disp. Meth., and (1833) in Gen. et Sp. Cure. The genus has generally been dated from Illiger (1807) in which it is also spelled Psallidium, or from Schonherr (1826) where it is spelled Psalidinm. It is the oldest genus in the family, antedating Brachyrhinus Latreille (1802). 2. Family Psaliduridae Pierce (1916). Amycteridae MacLeay (1866). Psaliduridae Pierce (1916) mere mention. The family corresponds with Lacordaire's Synmerides, phalange I, Section A, group I (Gen. Coleop. VI, p. 290). Type genus. Psalidura Fischer, 1823, Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc., vol. 6, p. 265. Type mirabilis Kirby, monotypic. Amycterus (Dalman) Schonherr, 1826, Cure. Disp. Meth., p. 202, has as its type, mirabilis Kirby, by original designation, and is hence as isogenotypic synonym of Psalidura. It is therefore necessary to rename the genus known as Amycterus in our literature. Pseudamycterus, new genus. Amycterus auct., and Gemminger and Harold, 1871, Cat. Coleop., p. 2342 (not Amycterus Schonherr, 1826). Type. Amycterus schonherri Hope. 3. Family Liparidae, new family. Plinthidae Pierce (1916) mere mention. The family corresponds with Lacordaire's Synmerides, phalange I., Section A, group II (Gen. Coleop. VI, p. 2!)0). 24 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 2, FEB., 1919 Type genus. Liparus Olivier, 1807, Entomologie, vol. 5, No. 73, pp. 282-292, not preoccupied by Liparis Artedi, 1736. Type germanus Linnaeus, designated by Latreille, 1810, Consid. Gen. Molytes Schonherr, 1820, Cure. Disp. Meth., pp. 14, 172, 173, has as its originally designated type germanus, Linnaeus, and is hence isogenotypic. 4. Family Hyperidae Pierce (1916). Hyperidae Pierce (1916) mere mention. The family corresponds with Lacordaire's Synmerides, phalange I, Section B, group I, excepting Scythropides and Promecopides which belong to the Psallidiidae. Type genus. Hypera Germar, 1817, Mag. der Ent., vol. 2, pp. 339-341. Type nigrirostris Fabricius, designated by Leach, 1819, in Samouelle's Entomologist's Useful Compendium, pp. 199- 206, and again in 1824, in the second edition of the same. The genus Phytonomus Schonherr, 1826, is considered by most writers as a part of this genus. Our clover and alfalfa weevils should therefore go by the generic name Hypera. 5. Family Curculionidae Leach (1817) restricted. This family has never been properly treated for North America, although such groups as the Anthonomini, parts of Magdalis, Otidocephalus, etc., have been monographed. It corresponds to Lacordaire's Synmerides, phalange II, Section A, group II (Gen. Coleop. VI, p." 538). Type genus. Curculio Linnaeus, 1758, Systema Naturae, 10th edit., vol. 1, pp. 377-386. Type nucum Linnaeus, designated by Latreille (1810) in Consid. Gen. This genus had become lost by the process of division. Various types have been selected but the first designation is that of Latreille, which is held valid by virtue of Opinion 11 of the International Commission. Balaninus Germar (1817) is isogenotypic. The typical Curculionine weevils are therefore those formerly known as Balaninini, the nut weevils. 6. Family Cionidae, new family. This family corresponds with Lacordaire's Synmerides, phalange II, Section B, group II (Gen. Coleop. VI, p. 594). Type genus. -Clonus Clairville and Schellenberg, 179S, Ent. Helv., vol. 1, p. 64. PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 21, xo. 2, FEB., igig 25 Type blattariae Clairville and Schellenberg, designated by Latreille, 1802, Hist. Nat. Gen. et Part. 7. Family Orobitidae Pierce (1916). This family corresponds to Lacordaire's Apostasimerides, phalange I, Section A, group II (Gen. Coleop. VII, pp. 4-6). Type genus. Orobitis Germar, 1817, Mag. der Ent., vol. 2, pp. 339-341. Type -(globosus Fabricius) = cyaneus Linnaeus, monotypic. Orobites Schonherr, 1826, also has for its type, globosus. As will be noticed under the next family, the genus Crypto- rhynchus Schonherr (1826) not Illiger (1807) is preoccupied and we are compelled to greatly alter our nomenclature. The genus Cryptorrhynchus Gemminger and Harold (1871) is a great com- posite, but the oldest genus contained therein is Coelosternus Sahlberg (1823) with balteatits Sahlberg as type. This generic name then replaces Cryptorhynchus and Cryptorrhynchus for all weevils not yet assigned to definite genera. Cryptorhynchidius, new genus. Cryptorhynchus Schonherr, 1826 (not Illiger, 1807). Type Curculio lapathi Linnaeus. 8. Family Cryptorhynchidae Pierce (1916). This family corresponds with Lacordaire's Apostasimerides, phalange I, Section B, group II (Gen. Coleop. VI, p. 190). Type genus. Cryptorhynchus Illiger, 1807, Mag. fur Insekten- kunde, vol. 6, p. 330. In some volumes of this work it is spelled Chryptorhynch us . Type pericarpius Linnaeus, designated by Latreille, 1810, Consid. Gen. Rhinoncus Schonherr, 1837, Gen. et Sp. Cure., vol. 4, p. 577, also has pericarpius as its type, and is hence isogenotypic. 9. Family Rynchophoridae Pa-roe (1916). Calandridae LeConte and Horn (1876). Rynchophoridae Pierce (1916). This family corresponds to Lacordaire's Apostasimerides, phalange II, group I. Type genus. Rynchophorus Herbst, 1795, Kafer, vol. (>, pp. 3-29. Type palmarum Linnaeus, designated by Schonherr, 1X26, Cure. Disp. Meth. 26 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 2, FEB., 1919 Cordyle Thunberg, 1797, Kongl. Vet. Acad., vol. 18, pp. 44-49; and Rhynckophorus Schonherr, 1826, Cure. Disp. Meth. are isogenotypic. Calendra Clairville and Schellenberg (1789). Calendra Clairville and Schellenberg, 1798, Ent. Helv., p. 62. Type abbremata Fabricius, designated by Latreille, 1810, in Consid. Gen. Calandra Fabricius, 1801, Syst. Eleuth., vol. 2, pp. 429-438. Sphenophorus Schonherr, 1838, Gen. et Sp. Cure., vol. 4, p. 874. Type abbreviata Fabricius. This change gives our bill bugs the name Calendra. Sitophilus Schonherr (1838). Sitophilus Schonherr, 1838, Gen. et Sp. Cure., vol. 4, p. 967. Type oryza Linnaeus. Calandra auct. not Fabricius (1801). This change gives our grain weevils the appropriate name Sitophilus. 10. Family Cossonidae Schuckard (1840). This family corresponds to Lacordaire's Apostasimerides, phalange II, group II. Type genus. Cossonus Clairville and Schellenberg, 1798, Ent. Helv., vol. 1, pp. 60, 61. Type linearis Fabricius, designated by Latreille, 1810, in Consid. Gen. II. STUDIES OF THE TRIBE MECININI. Family Curculionidae Leach (1817). Subfamily Orchestinae Pierce (1916). Anthonominae Pascoe (1870). Table of tribes of Orchestinae. 1 . Hind legs normal, non saltatory 2 Hind legs saltatory ORCHESTINI Pierce. 2 . Prothorax with more or less developed ocular lobes LONCOPHORINI Pierce Prothorax without ocular lobes 3 . Tarsal claws free ANTHONOMINI Le Conte. Tarsal claws connate 4 4. Tarsal claws appendiculate BRADYBATIXI, new tribe. Tarsal claws not appendiculate MECININI Desbrocher^. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL- 21, NO. 2, FEB., 1919 27 Tribe Mecinini Desbrochers (1893). Gymnetrides Lacordaire, 1SG6, Gen. Col., vol. 7, p. (i. Gynmetrinae Pascoe, 1S70, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. 10, p. 437. Mecinini, Desbrochers des Loges, 1893, Le Frelon, vols. 2, 3. Gymnetrinae Bovie, 1909, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 92. Type genus. -Mecinus Germar, 1S21, Mag. der Ent., vol. 4, p. 315. Type pyraster Herbst, designated by Schonherr (1X2(0, in Cure. Disp. Meth. This tribe has been placed by most writers in the Apostasi- merida, associating Mecinus, Gymnaetron and Miarus. These genera differ radically in coxal character. There has been much difference of opinion as to the proper position of all three genera. Judging from Bovie's figure of the pupa of Miarus campanulae I consider that genus to really belong in the Apostasimerida. On the other hand the pupae in my possession of Gymnaetron teter prove beyond a doubt that it is Anthonomine in its essential characteristics. Lacordaire acknowledged that Gymnetron had the Anthonomine characters but he preferred to associate it with Miarus. This tribe was generically monographed under the name Gymnetrinae by Bovie (1909) in Genera Insectorum, fasc. 92, and included only three genera, Mecinus, Gymnetron, and Miarus. The genus Mecinus does not occur in this country. I am now excluding Miarus from the tribe and leaving it in the Apostasi- merid series, Orobitidae. Genus Gymnaetron Schonherr. Gymnaetron Schonherr, 1826, Cure. Disp. Meth., p. 319. Type beccabungae Linnaeus, by original designation. Gymnetron Schonherr, 1X37, Gen. et Sp. Cure. vol. 4, pp. 743- 776. Monograph. Gymnetron Brisout de Barneville, 1X62, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., ser. 4, vol. 2, pp. 62.V668. Revision of genus. Gymnetron Desbrochers, 1X93, Le Frelon, vol. 2, No. 10 11, pp. 1-18. Revision of genus. Gymnetron Reitter, 1907, Bestimmungs Tab. o9. Yerh. Xatur- forsch. Yer. Bninn, vol. <>."), separate pp. 1.") 43. Revision of genus. Gymnetron Bovie, 1909, Gen. Insectorum (Wytsman's), fasc. 92, pp. 8-16, 2 plates. List of species in genus. 28 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 2, FEB., 1919 Table of Subgenera of Gymnaetron. (after Reitter) 1 . Third elytral striae united apically with the eighth .... GYMNAETRON. Third elytral striae united apically with the sixth, the seventh and eighth being united RHINUSA. Subgenus Gymnaetron Schonherr. Type beccabungae Linnaeus. The typical subgenus does not occur in the United States. Many species of Gymnaetron have a squamose area on the pleural regions of thorax and this area is absent from Rhinusa. Subgenus Rhinusa Stephens. Rhinusa Stephens, 1829, Syst. Cat. Brit. Ins., p. 150. Type antirrhini Paykull, designated by Westwood, 1840. Table of North American Species of Rhinusa. 1. Scutellum elongate; thorax but little broader than long; anterior femora armed with minute denticles; beak shorter than prothorax; elytra longer than broad ANTIRRHINI Paykull. 2. Scutellum broad, rounded; thorax very broad, transverse; anterior femora of male with very strong tooth; beak as long as prothorax; elytra about as broad as long TETER Fabricius. a . Large specimens with pubescence thick on thorax and elytra, intervals with several rows of setae ; no red markings var. TETER Fabricius. b . With red spots on apical portion of elytra var. PLAGIELLUM Gyllenhal. c . Small specimens with thinner pubescence ; some intervals with but a single row of setae; no red markings var. SUBROTUNDATUM Reitter The beak of the male is more punctate and rougher than that of the female in this genus. Both of the species here determined have been compared with European specimens and also with the de- scriptions. Gymnaetron (Rhinusa) antirrhini Paykull (1800). Curculio antirrhini Paykull, 1X00, Fauna Suec., vol. 3, p. 257, no. 78. Curculio noctis auct., Brisout not Herbst (1795). This is a European species recorded as breeding in seed pods of Linaria genistaefolia and L. vulgar is. The name antirrhini is confused with the variety subrotundatum Reitter cited below. The material at hand answers the description and tallies with the three European specimens determined as noctis. Three PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 2, FEB., 1919 29 specimens 'are from New Haven, Connecticut, collected by M. P. Zappe, July 1 and 9, 1914, and bearing the numbers 111-113. Many specimens are at hand which were bred by P. H. Timber- lake from seed pods of Linaria vulgaris at Melrose Highlands, North Saugus, and Forest Hills, Massachusetts in July and August, 1909 (Hunter No. 2494). Adults were found in July. This species is readily distinguishable from G. teter subro- tundatum by the elongate scutellum; the longer prothorax; the erect pubescence on thorax as well as elytra. In teter and its varieties the dorsal vestiture of the thorax is appressed. Length 2-2.5 mm. Gymnaetron (Rhinusa) teter Fabricius. Rhynchaenus teter Fabricius, 1801, Syst. El., vol. 2, p. 448. This European species has long been known in the United States. It breeds in the pods of Vcrbascum thapsus. The ma- terial of the typical variety is from Massachusetts, Maine, Canada, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, District of Columbia, Virginia, North Carolina, Michigan, Wisconsin, Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska, Mississippi, Alabama, Oklahoma, and Texas. Texas and Wisconsin material was bred from Verbascum thapsus and Massachusetts material collected on the same plant. Gymnaetron (Rhinusa) teter subrotundatum Reitter. Gymnaetron (Rhinusa} teter subrotundatum Reitter, 1907, Verh. Naturf. Ver. Briinn, vol. 65 (Bestim. Tab. 59), p. 35. A European variety of teter very greatly resembling antirrhini and formerly confused with it. Specimens are at hand from Hamden, Connecticut; Boston, Massachusetts; Dunkirk, New York; District of Columbia; Grand Ledge and Port Huron, Michigan; and Dallas, Texas. Length 2-3 mm. Gymnaetron (Rhinusa) teter plagiellum Gyllenhal. Gymnetron plagiellus Gyllenhal, 1S37, Schonherr's Gen. et Sp. Cure., vol. 4, p. 759. This is a European aberration of teter characterized only by the red areas on the elytra. The material is principally from Dallas, Texas, although specimens are also at hand from Iowa City, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Maryland. III. SYNOPSIS OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE OROBITIDAE. Family Orobitidae Pierce (1916). Table of subfamilies of Orobitidae. 1 . Mesosternum very often canaliculate or excavated, leaving between it and the prosternum a depression 30 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 2, FEB., 1919 Mesosternum never canaliculate, horizontal, forming a surface almost continuous with the prosternum and metasternum 14 2. Antennal funicle 5-jointed 1 MIARINAE, new subfamily. Antennal funicle 6- or 7-jointed 3 . Tarsus with one claw 2 HAPLONYCHINAE Pascoe. Tarsus with two claws 4 4. Prothorax covered with fine costae, longitudinal and parallel 3 EUDERINAE Pascoe. Prothorax not covered with fine costae, longitudinal and parallel .... 5 5. Rostrum very short, robust, subquadrangular; antennae very short. . 4 NERTHOPINAE Pascoe. Rostrum and antennae at least moderately long 6 6. Femora armed with a great triangular tooth 5 MENEMACHINAE Pascoe. Femora unarmed or dentate, the tooth at most moderate in size . . 7 7 . Rostrum cylindrical throughout, generally slender 8 Rostrum variable, but not cylindrical; compressed or depressed, at least at base 11 8. Prosternum not canaliculate, sometimes a little concave 9 Prosternum canaliculate 9 ISORHYNCHINAE Pascoe. 9. Elytra not covering the pygidium 6 LAEMOSACCINAE Pascoe. Elytra covering the pygidium 10 10 . Tarsal claws cleft, or simple and connate 7 ALCIDINAE Pascoe. Tarsal claws simple and free 8 DERELOMINAE Pascoe. 11. Eyes very rarely approximate on the front, more or less covered when the rostrum is at rest 12 Eyes rarely separated above, always uncovered, even when the rostrum is at rest 13 ECCOPTINAE, new subfamily. 12. Prosternum not canaliculate, sometimes a litte excavated 13 Prosternum canaliculate, rarely excavated. .12 OROBITINAE Pierce. 13. Anterior coxae separated 11 AMERININAE, new subfamily. Anterior coxae contiguous 10 METATYGINAE, new subfamily. 14. Rostrum short and robust, body depressed 15 Rostrum at least moderately long, never very robust .... 16 15. Rostrum very depressed, straight 14 ULOMASCINAE Pascoe. Rostrum angulate, arcuate 15 EPIPEDINAE, new subfamily. 16. Mesosternum large, transverse, quadrate; body oblong, depressed. 16 TRYPETIDINAE, new name. Mesosternum reduced to a tiny transverse band; body briefly oval, very convex 17 PYROPINAE Pascoe. i. Miarinae, new subfamily. Type genus. -Miarus Schonherr, 182(5, Cure. Disp. Meth., p. 320. Name of stirps 2 of Gymnaetron. Type campanulae Linnaeus, by original designation. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO 2, FEB., IQIQ 31 2. Subfamily Haplonychinae Pascoe (1870). Haplonycides Lacordaire, I860, Gen. Col., vol. 7, p. Hi. Haplonychinae Pascoe, 1870, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. 10, p. 437. Tvpe genus. Haplonyx Schonherr, 1830, Gen. et Sp. Cure., vol. '3, pp. ooo, <>()7. Type spencei Schonherr, by original designation. 3. Subfamily Euderinae Pascoe (1870). Euderides Lacordaire, 18(50, Gen. Col., vol. 7, p. 18. Euderinae Pascoe, 1870, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. 10, p. 437. Type genus. Euderes Schonherr, 182(5, Cure. Disp. Meth., p. 'I'll. Type lineicollis Wiedemann, by original designation. 4. Subfamily Nerthopinae Pascoe (1870). Nerthopides Lacordaire, 1866, Gen. Col., vol. 7, p. 19. Nerthopinae Pascoe, 1870, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. 10, p. 437. Type genus. Nerthops Schonherr, 182(5, Cure. Disp. Meth., p. 61. Type [multiguttatus (Wiedemann) Schonherr, by original designation ] guttata Olivier. 5. Subfamily Menemachinae Pascoe (1870 Menemachides Lacordaire, 1866, Gen. Col., vol. 7, p. 27. Menemachinae Pascoe, 1870, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. 10, p. 437. Type genus. Menemachus Schonherr, 1843, Gen. et Sp. Cure., vol. 7, pt. 2, p. 266. Type naevus Boheman, by original designation. 6. Subfamily Laemosaccinae Pascoe (1870). Lciiiosacides Lacordaire, 1866, Gen. Col., vol. 7, p. 12. Laemosaccinae Pascoe, 1870, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. 10, p. 437. Laemosaccini Le Conte, 187(5, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 15, p. 22.'!. Type genus. Laemosaccus Schonherr, 182(5, Cure. Disp. Meth., pp. (5, of). Type plagiatus Fabricius, by original designation. 7. Subfamily Alcidinae Pascoe (1870). Alcidides Lacordaire, 18(5(5, Gen. Col., vol. 7, p. 14. Alcidinae Pascoe, 1870, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. 10, p. 437. Type genus. -Alcides Sahlberg, 1823, Peric. Knt., p. 47. Type senex (Schonherr) Sahlberg, monotypic. Alcides Schonherr, 1X2(1, Cure. Disp. Meth., has as its type, trilobns Fabrieius, by original designation and is at presriit writing congeneric with the true Alcides. 32 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 2, FEB., 1919 8. Subfamily Derelominae Pascoe (1870). Derelomides Lacordaire, 1866, Gen. Col., vol. 7, p. 9. Derelominae Pascoe, 1870, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. 10, p. 437. Derelomini Le Conte, 1876, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 15, p. 221. Type genus. Derelomus Schonherr, 1826, Cure. Disp. Meth., p. '235. Type chamaeropis Fabricius, by original designation. 9. Subfamily Isorhynchinae Pascoe (1870). Isorhynchides Lacordaire, 1866, Gen. Col., vol. 7, p. 172. Isorhynchinae Pascoe, 1870, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. 10, p. 437. Type genus. Isorhynchus Schonherr, 1833, Gen. et Sp. Cure., vol. 1, p. 22. Type pudicus Sparrman, monotypic. 10. Subfamily Metatyginae, new subfamily. Type genus. -Metatyges Pascoe, 1866, Journ. Ent. vol. 2, p. 424. Type turritus Pascoe, monotypic. 11. Subfamily Amerininae, new name. Cholides Lacordaire, 1866, Gen. Col., vol. 7, p. 32. Cholinae Pascoe, 1870, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. 10, p. 347. Type genus. Ameris (Schonherr) Dejean, 1821, Cat. Coleop., p. 86. Type dufresnei Kirby, designated by Germar (1824), Crotch (1870). Amerhinus Schonherr, 1826, Cure. Disp. Meth., p. 266 is iso- genotypic. Amerhinus Sahlberg, 1823, Peric. Ent., p. 44, has as its type ynca (Schonherr) Sahlberg, monotypic. This genus is at present congeneric with Ameris. Cholus Germar dates from 1824 and consequently can not give its name to the subfamily. 12. Subfamily Orobitinae Pierce, 1916. Cryptorhynchides Lacordaire, 1866, Gen. Col., vol. 7, p. 48. Cryptorhynchinae Pascoe, 1870, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. 10, p. 437. Cryptorhynchini Le Conte, 1876, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 15, p. 223. Orobitinae Pierce, 1916, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 51, p. 469. Type genus. Orobitis Germar, 1817, Mag. der Ent., vol. 2, pp. 339-341. Type (globosus Fabricius) = cyaneus Linnaeus, monotypic. 13. Subfamily Eccoptinae, new subfamily. Zygopides Lacordaire, 1866, Gen. Col., vol. 7, p. 142. Zygopinae Pascoe, 1870, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. 10, p. 437. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 2, FEB., 1919 33 Zygopini Le Conte, 1876, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 15, p. 259. Type genus. Eccoptus Dejean, 1821, Cat. Coleop., p. 86. Type strix Olivier, designated by Crotch (1870). Zygops Schonherr, 1826, Cure. Disp. Meth., p. 300, with wiedii Germar as the originally designated type, is at present con- generic with Eccoptus. 14. Subfamily Ulomascinae Pascoe (1870). Ulomascides Lacordaire, 1866, Gen. Col., vol. 7, p. 184. Ulomascinae Pascoe, 1870, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. 10, p. 437. Type genus. Ulomascus Fairmaire, 1848, Ann. vSoc. Ent. Fr., ser. 2, vol. 6, p. 173. Type caviventris Fairmaire, monotypic. 15. Subfamily Epipedinae Pascoe (1870). Epipedides Lacordaire, 1866, Gen. Col., vol. 7, p. 186. Epipedinae Pascoe, 1870, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. 10, p. 437. Type genus. Epipedus Schonherr, 1842, Gen. et Sp. Cure., vol. 6, pt. 2, p. 462. Type squamifer Boheman, monotypic. 1 6. Subfamily Trypetidinae, new name. Trypetides Lacordaire, 1866, Gen. Col., vol. 7, p. 177. Trypetinae Pascoe, 1870, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. 10, p. 437. Type genus. Trypetes, Schonherr, 1836, Gen. et. Sp. Cure., vol. 3, p. 595. Type rhinoides Gyllenhal, monotypic. The subfamily name had been altered to its correct spelling to prevent confusion with the Trypetinae based on Trypeta in the Diptera. 17. vSubfamily Pyropinae Pascoe (1870). Pyropides Lacordaire, 1866, Gen. Col., vol. 7, p. 187. Pyropinae Pascoe, 1870, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. 10, p. 437. Type genus. Pyropus Schonherr, 1836, Gen. et Sp. Cure., vol. 3, p. 641. Type sapphirinus Gyllenhal, by original designation. IV. STUDIES OF NORTH AMERICAN MIARINAE. Miarinae, new subfamily. This subfamily was formerly a part of the Mecininae or Gymnetrinae, which I have now removed to form the tribe Mecinini in the Orchestinae, and retain here only the genus Miarus. Genus Miarus Schonherr. Miarus Schonherr, 1826, Cure. Disp. Meth., p. 320. Type campanulae Linn., by original designation. 34 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 2, FEB., 1919 Miarus Stephens, 1831, 111. Brit. Ent., p. 15. Type campanulae Linnaeus, designated by Westwood, 1S40. Cleopus Suffrian, 1854, Stett. Ent. Zeit., p. 94 (not Dejean 1821), (not Stephens 1829). Cleopus Brisout de Barneville, 1862, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., ser. 4, vol. 2, pp. 663-668. Revision of genus. Miarus Desbrochers des Loges, 1893, Le Frelon, vol. 2, No. 10/11, pp. 15-18. Revision of genus. Miarus Reitter, 1907, Verhandl. Naturf. Ver. Brunn, vol. (55, sep. pp. 43-49. Revision of genus. Miarus Bovie, 1909, Genera Insectorum (Wytsman's), fasc. 92, pp. 16, 17. List of species in genus. Specimens of the type Miarus (Miarus) campanulae Linnaeus, are at hand from Europe. The genus is divisible into two subgenera: Pubescence erect or suberect CLEOPOMIARUS, new subgenus. Pubescence decumbent, appressed MIARUS Schonherr Cleopomiarus, new subgenus. Miarus LeConte, 1876, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 15, p. 221. Table of North American Species of the Subgenus Cleopomiarus. All our species have mutic metafemora. 1 . Pleural regions of thorax setose; prothorax with the erect sparse hairs extremely long, bristling and conspicuous. Body stout, oblong, convex, deep black throughout, the sparse vestiture hairy and cinereous; beak slender, slightly arcuate, similar in the sexes though a little shorter in the male, longer than the head and thorax in the female; eyes widely separated; prothorax nearly as wide as the elytra, very strongly narrowed from base to apex, with arcuate sides, punctures coarse and separated; scutellum densely clothed with short decumbent hair-like scales; elytra barely a fifth longer than wide, very broadly, obtusely rounded behind, clad with long, erect hairs; under surface with erect sparse cinereous hairs, shorter, denser, and more decumbent on pleura; length 2.4-2.8 mm. . . EREBUS Casey. Pleural regions of thorax squamose 2 . Elvtral intervals thickly pubescent, very seldom with only a single row of setae 3 Elvtral intervals usually with only a single row of white, almost bristle-like setae, body elongate oval; sides of elytra parallel, elytra much longer than broad; suture toward apex with a short comb of hairs. Prothorax rounded on sides, broader than long (coitsnctns Casey) MERIDIONALIS Brisout. 3 . Elytra clothed with white and dark brown hairs intermixed, scutellum densely white pubescent, pleural regions clothed with grey plumose PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, XO. 2, FEB., 1919 :|.") scales, venter with white hairs; body short, deep black, shining; pubescence not concealing integument, shorter on thorax than on elytra. Beak in 9 slender, slightly arcuate, surpassing mesocoxar ; in cf somewhat shorter and coarser. Prothorax strongly transverse, somewhat narrower than elytra, densely strongly but shallowly punc- tate. Rlytra short and broad, almost quadrate, rounded on sides, convex; deeply striate. Length 2-o mm. .HISPIDULUS Le Conte. I'pper surface clothed with gray hairs 4 4. Ovate, oval or short oval, convex; prothorax about two-thirds wider than long 5 Elongate oval 6 5. Elytra but little wider than thorax MICROS Germar. Elytra much wider than thorax PURITANUS Casey. b' . Thorax nearly three-fourths wider than long; sides feebly rounded, size under 2 mm NANUS Casey. Thorax about one-half wider than long; sides strongly rounded; size over 2 mm ILLINI Casey. The great scarcity of these weevils in this country and their presence only on introduced European plants leads me to believe that this genus is typically European. I feel certain that further study will prove that all of our species are synonyms of some European species. In the following notes I have indicated some of my suspicions. Miarus (Cleopomiarus) erebus Casey. Miarns erebus Casey, 1910, Can. Ent., vol. 42, pp. 142, 143. Described from near Colonia Garcia, Sierra Madre Mts. Chihauhau, Mexico, altitude 7300 feet. The presence in this species of hairs, instead of scales on the pleural region of the thorax is a character of Gymnaetron rather than Miarus, although the beak is elongate as in Miarus. Miarus ( Cleopomiarus ) hispidulus Le Conte. Miarus hispidulus Le Conte, 1870, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. I"), p. 221. Miarus hispidulus Reitter, 1907, Verh. Naturforsch. Yer. Brunn, vol. 65, p. 46. Described as new species. Miarus hispidus Bovie, 190! I, Gen. Insect., fasc. 92, p. 17. Proposed as a new name for hispidulus Reitter. A European species described from Andalusia and easily differentiated by the two colors of setae on the elytra. It is widely distributed over the eastern United States. It is an odd coinci- dence that the species although twice described, and from different continents, received the same name each time. 36 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 2, FEB., 1919 Material is at hand from Straight Creek, Lee Co., Virginia; Kanawha Station, West Virginia, on Lobelia; Springfield, Massa- chusetts; Pen Mar, Pennsylvania; New York; Grand Ledge, Michigan; Kansas City, Missouri; Pontchatoula, Louisiana; Baldwin, Florida. It breeds in the seed pods of Lobelia inflata and L. syphilitica. Miarus (Cleopomiarus) micros Germar. Cionus micros Germar, Mag. der Ent., vol. 4, p. 309, No. 21. A European species which breeds in the capsules of Jasione montana. Two specimens from Winnipeg, Manitoba, collected by Han- ham, run to this species in Reitter's table. Miarus (Cleopomiarus) puritanus Casey. Miarus puritanus Casey, 1910, Can. Ent., vol. 42, pp. 143, 144. No material is at hand which can be definitely placed here, although a Massachusetts specimen of hispidulus answers rather closely. Miarus (Cleopomiarus) nanus Casey. Miarus nanus Casey, 1910, Can. Ent., vol. 42, p. 144. No material is at hand which can be attributed to this species. It is also described from Massachusetts. Miarus (Cleopomiarus) illini Casey. Miarus illini Casey, 1910, Can. Ent., vol. 42, p. 144. Described from Illinois. No material is at hand from Illinois, nor are there any speci- mens which can be definitely assigned here. Miarus (Cleopomiarus) meridionalis Brisout. Gymnetron (Cleopus) meridionalis Brisout de Barneville, 1S62, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., ser. 4, vol. 2, p. 668. Miarus consnetus Casey, 1910, Can. Ent., vol. 42, p. 144. A European species recorded from France, Spain, Italy, Algeria, and Tunis. Casey's species was described from Kansas. One specimen is at hand from Douglas Co., Kansas, altitude 900 ft., collected by F. H. Snow. In Europe this species breeds in the ovaries of Linaria fih 'folia, and L. striata. THE IDENTITY OF SMYNTHURODES BETAE WESTWOOD (HOM.). By A. C. BAKER, Bureau of Entomology. In the Gardners Chronicle, July 7, 1X49, p. 420, J. O. West- wood erected the genus Smynthurodes for a species of aphid which PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 2, FEB., 1 919 37 he called betae. This species was described as attacking the common garden beet, small colonies being found clustered be- neath the spurs of the roots. Since the original description no further information has been published, so far as the writer knows, in regard to the insect and it is impossible to gain a knowledge of it from the description and the very inadequate figures given. In looking over the Fitch collection of aphididae the writer noted a small card point containing two apterous specimens of Smyn- thurodes betae labeled England, J. O. W. Fitch received a number of specimens of English aphids from Westwood and these were pinned with yellow labels, all of which carry the initials J. O. W. There is little doubt, therefore, that these two specimens are from the lot collected by Westwood and that they were sent Fitch by the author of the species. The specimens were in very poor shape when located, being entirely covered -with a fungus growth. This was cleared from them and the specimens mounted in balsam and placed in the slide collection of the U. S. National Museum. While it is im- possible to give an accurate description of the body characters owing to the condition of the abdomen, the following descriptive notes and figures will serve to give some idea of the species: Apterous Viviparous Female. Length of body 1.68 mm.; width of ab- domen 0.96 mm. Antennae as follows: Segment I, 0.08 mm. long, 0.064 mm. wide; II, 1.128 mm. long, diameter 0.032 mm.; Ill, 0.048 mm. long; IV, 0.064 mm. long with the distal sensorium small but prominent; V, base 0.112 mm. long, unguis 0.032 mm. and distinctly set off from the base. Segments armed with rather stout scattered hairs. Foreleg with the following measurements: Femur 0.32 mm., tibia 0.288 mm., tarsus exclusive of claw 0.112 mm. Middle leg as follows: femur 0.32 mm., tibia 0.336 mm., tarsus 0.128 mm. Hind leg as follows: femur 0.416 mm., tibia 0.496 mm., tarsus 0.144 mm. Legs armed with rather short stout hairs. Vertex 0.24 mm. wide and perfectly straight in the specimens. This, however, may be due to their condition. A series of stout hairs is present on the vertex. Eyes minute, facets not visible in the specimens. Beak reach- ing to the second pair of coxae or slightly beyond. Abdomen armed with short, stiff hairs. No cornicles are visible. Wax glands not apparent but this may be due to the condition of the specimens. Cauda and anal plate rounded. Since Smynikwrodes betae West, was found living on cultivated beets, the question at once arises as to whether or not it is the destructive beet aphid of America now generally referred to as Pemphigus betae Doan.. Examples of betae Doan show that the antennae are more slender (fig. IB) than those of betae West. (fig. 1A) and that the spine-like hairs are not so prominent. 38 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 2, FEB., 1919 Moreover, the relative lengths of segments IV and V are different, segment V being rather longer in betae Doan. It seems evident, then, that Westwood had a different insect. c. FIG. 1 He separated his genus from Forda Heyden on the antennae. These, however, differ little from the antennae of the type species of the genus, formicaria Heyden (fig. 1C), excepting in the rela- tive lengths. We conclude, therefore, that betae West, is dis- tinct from our American beet aphid and should be known as Forda betae (West.). A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF CERAMBYCIDAE FROM COLORADO. (COLEO.) BY W. S. FISHER, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. Elatotrypes, new genus. Body very much depressed. Maxillary palpi longer than labial pulpi their last joints strongly securiform. Head small; front short and nearly perpendicular; top with a narrow, deep groove between the antennae, extend- ing to the dorsal median part. Mandibles stout and acute at tip. Ligula membranous. Eyes finely granulated, only moderately emarginate, but not embracing the base of the antennae. Antennae 11-jointed, the outer joints sericeous but without distinct poriferous spaces; second joint moderately long. Prothorax depressed, not tuberculate on the sides, the dorsal part with callosities. Scutellum rounded behind. Elytra depressed and moderately elongate. Prosternum very narrow, pointed, not extending between the o>\;n\ PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 2, FEB., 1919 39 which are contiguous. Mesonotum thickly punctured and pubescent at sides, with a median smooth surface. Front coxal cavities transverse, very strongly angulated, and broadly open behind. Middle coxal cavities open externally. Hind coxae prominent, not inclosed by the side pieces. Legs moderate in length ; femora not strongly clavate ; tibiae slender. Genotype. Elatotrypes hoferi Fisher. This new genus belongs to LeConte & Horn's tribe Callidiini and is closely related to Hylotrupes, Callidinm and Xylocn'n.^, but differs from all of these by having the femora not strongly clavate. From Hylotrupes and Callidium it differs by having the sides of the mesonotum densely punctured and pubescent. From Hylotrupes it also differs by having the front coxae contiguous and from Callidinm by the prothorax having dorsal callosities. It also differs from Xylocrius by its very depressed form and the more slender antennae. Elatotrypes hoferi, new species. Female. Elongate, very much depressed, piceous-black, sparsely clothed with irregularly placed whitish pubescence, which gives it a cinereous ap- pearance. Head coarsely and densely punctured. Eyes rather small, widely separated, transverse, and only moderately emarginate. Antennae slender, reaching beyond the middle of the elytra ; first joint thickened at apex ; second about one-third as long as the first; third slightly longer than the first; fourth to seventh subequal, and about as long as the first; eighth about three-fourths as long as the first; ninth about one-half as long as first; tenth and eleventh slightly shorter and wider than the ninth, the last being about three-fourths as wide as long, with the tip rounded. Prothorax depressed, nearly twice as wide as long; front angles rounded; sides strongly rounded and very much narrowed towards the base; surface with three narrow, shining callosities, reaching from the apex to base, the median one less distinct, between these and the sides, the surface is densely and coarsely punctured, and sparsely clothed with long semi-erect whitish hairs. Elytra at base about us wide as prothorax, twice as long as wide, slightly wider at middle with the tips separately rounded; surface reticulately rugose, not noticeably punctured, but clothed with irregular patches of semi-erect whitish pubescence. Pros- ternum shining, very finely, transversely rugose at middle, scarcely punc- tate, with long, sparse, inconspicuous hairs. Body beneath shining, sparsely punctate, and clothed with recumbent whitish pubescence. Abdomen with fifth ventral segment a little longer than the fourth and broadly roundi-d at apex. Femora only slightly clavate. Tibiae slender, about twice as long as the tarsi. First joint of posterior tarsi slightly longer than joints two and three united. Length 7 mm., width 4 mm. 40 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 2, FEB., 1919 Habitat. Ute Pass, El Paso County, Colorado. Mr. F. C. Craighead, Collector. Type. Cat. No. 22000, U. S. Nat. Mus. Described from a single female recorded under Bureau of Entomology No. Hopk. U. S. 11919 and reared from material collected by Mr. Craighead. The larvae of this species was first collected by Mr. A. B. Champlain and George Hofer, March 2, 1914, under bark of dead limb of partially dead Limber Pine (Pinus Jiexilis) but no adults were reared. September 10, 1917, Mr. Craighead collected from the same tree a number of half and full grown larvae under the green bark of slowly dying branches, from which the type was reared May 3, 1918. I take great pleasure in naming this interesting species after Mr. George Hofer in appreciation of his active and continued assistance in collecting material which has added very much to our knowledge of the coleoptera of the Rocky Mountain region. PALMODES PRAESTANS AND ITS PREY (ORTH.). BY A. N. CAUDELL. In a miscellaneous lot of Orthoptera sent me for determination by Prof. Lovett, of Corvallis, Oregon, was a large male specimen of the long winged Dectician, Capnobotes fuliginosus Thomas. In spite of the large size of this insect and its formidable nature, being itself, at least partially, predatious in habits, it had fallen a victim to a medium sized wasp which Mr. Rohwer has determined as Palmodes praestans Kohl. The data on the pin bearing these insects is "Brads Mt. Ariz. 6-22-92." This matter is deemed worth recording by reason of the nature and size of the prey it shows this wasp capable of captur- ing, the length of the wasp scarcely exceeding one-third that of its prey. The wasp itself is also of interest, as it is an insect very rare in collections, the present specimen being, according to Mr. Rohwer, about the fourth one known. Actual Date of Publication, February 26, 1919. VOL. 21 MARCH 1919 No. 3 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON CONTENTS BARBER, H. S. AVOCADO SEED WEEVILS 53 BUSCK, AUGUST TWO MICROLEPIDOPTERA INJURIOUS TO STRAWBERRY 52 CAUDELL, A. N., BUSCK, A., AND HOWARD, L. O. FREDERICK KNAB 41 PUBLISHED MONTHLY EXCEPT JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Application for transfer of entry as second-class matter made at the post office at Wash- ington, D. C., under the act of July 16, 1894. Acceptance for mailing at special rale of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ORGANIZED MARCH 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 p.m. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the PROCEEDINGS and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over that submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1919. Honorary President E. A. SCHWARZ President E. R. SASSCER First Vice-President W. R. WALTON Second Vice-President A. B. GAHAN Recording Secretary R. A. CUSHMAN Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer S. A. ROHWER U. vS. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Editor A. C. BAKER East Falls Church, Va. Representing the Society as a Vice-President of the Washington Academy of Sciences. . .S. A. ROHWER EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. THE OFFICERS. A. N. CAUDELU. A. L. QUAINTANCE. CHAS. R. ELY. PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at Easton, Pa., and Washington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Do- mestic, $4.00 per annum; foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological Society of Washington. Advertising rates on application to the Corresponding Secretary. Authors of leading articles in the PROCEEDINGS will be entitled to 25 separates of each contribution, free of charge, provided the Editor is notified before page proof is returned. Additional copies may be had at rates fixed by the Society. Certain charges are made on illustrations and there are rules and suggestions governing the make-up of articles published. Con- tributors may secure information on these points by application to the Editor or Corresponding Secretary. PLATE 1 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21 FREDERICK KNAB PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOL. 21 MARCH, 1919 No. :i FREDERICK KNAB. BY A. N. CAUDELL, A. BUSCK, AND L. O. HOWARD. We record with sorrow the loss of our distinguished fellow member, and vice-president of our Society, Frederick Knab, who died in Washington, D. C., November 2, 1918, after a pro- longed and painful decline. Mr. Knab was born September 22, 1865, in Wurzburg, Bavaria and came to the United States as a boy of eight with his parents, Oscar and Josephine Knab, who settled in Chicopee, Massachu- setts in 1873. The father was an engraver and painter, and an uncle was court artist to the King of Bavaria. Frederick partook of the artistic temperament of his family and even as a boy de- voted himself to painting. In 1889 he went to Europe and studied art for two years at the Munich Academy, and on his return to Massachusetts he established a studio in Chicopee and for a series of years made landscape painting his profession. Long before this, however, he had been interested in Natural vScience, and especially in Entomology. As a boy he had studied the classics of Zoology, such as the works of Darwin, Wallace,, and Bates, and had accumulated a large collection of insects, the biology of the Coleoptera attracting him particularly. He was an active member of the Springfield Zoological Club and a valued correspondent of several of our Coleopterists. Prompted by his interest in Zoology Mr. Knab undertook in 1885-86 a sixteen months' collecting trip up the Amazon River, traveling form its mouth to Peru. Although the results of this expedition were published only in local newspapers, it was an event of great and lasting importance to Mr. Knab, as his natural bent for Entomology and his keen powers of obervation made this travel in the tropics a constant source of information in his later scientific career. In 1903 the first grant by the Carnegie Institution of Washing- ton for the purpose of a monograph of the mosquitoes of North and Central America and the West Indies was made, and in or- ganizing the work Doctor Howard sought the advice of Mr. George Dimmock of Springfield (who in his earlier years had done 41 42 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 3, MAR., 1919 some work on mosquitoes), as to the best observer known to him who could undertake the study of the biology of the mosquitoes of the New England region, and Doctor Dimmock promptly nominated Mr. Knab. Knab went to work with energy and enthusiasm, and during the summer of 1903 brought together some very important notes and sent in a report illustrated by drawing which were so admirable as to command the greatest respect. It was during this work that Knab first got the idea that certain of the northern mosquitoes do not follow in their life histories the generalizations which had been laid down as belonging to the genus Culex. The drawings submitted were so excellent that when in the autum of that year Professor Forbes, the State Entomologist of Illinois, found himself in need of an artist Mr. Knab was recommended for the post and went to Ur- bana where he worked until the close of the following year. The Carnegie appropriations continuing he was then brought to Washington, and started in 1905 on his first trip to Mexico in the interests of the proposed monograph. A brief account of this trip and of his subsequent travels and activities in this di- rection will be found in the introduction to the monograph, of which he was eventually made co-author in collaboration with Howard and Dyar. He was appointed an assistant in the Bureau of Entomology in 1900, and his work upon mosquitoes and other disease-bearing Diptera continued with increasing interest and importance. In 1911, after the death of the late D. W. Coquillett, he was made Custodian of the Diptera of the U. S. National Museum, which broadened his field of work. Intensely interested and absorbed, though he was, in the preparation of the final volumes of the mongraph in which his work cannot be too greatly praised, he found time to make many interesting observations and a few broad generalizations which showed that he had a very philosophical mind and that he was a keen observer and a keen reasoner. In the early part of his work upon the monograph, Jae prepared the extraordinary plates of mosquito larvae, published in Volume II, which are quite the most admirable figures of the sort that have ever been published. The plates, although ad- mirably reproduced, do not do full justice to the beauty of the original drawings. In 1916 he was made Vice-President of the Entomological Society of Washington. He was a fellow of the American Associa- tion for the Advancement of Science and of the Entomological Society of America. He was also a member of the Biological Society of Washington. He was a candidate at the George Washington University for a doctor's degree, but his illness and death intervened before it was granted. His death was due to PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL- 21, NO. ; v MAR., 1919 43 / an insidious, lingering disease, probably insect-borne , which he contracted during his expedition to Brazil. Its nature baffled the medical specialists until Mr. Knab himself correctly diagnosed it through his diligent study of the South American medical literature. He was proficient in both the Spanish and Portuguese languages, and was a broad student. He was noted for his helpfulness to other workers, and for his genial, companionable nature. He was a very active member of the Entomological Society of Washington, attended the meetings regularly as long as his health permitted, frequently contributed papers, and often added great interest to the discussions. His interest in the Society, in fact, was so great that he bequeathed the larger part of his estate to it an especially noteworthy act, as this is the first considerable contribution to the publication fund of the Society. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Prepared by MABEL COLCORD, Librarian, Bureau of Entomology. 1887 Hunting in Brazil. A day's trip into the interior of the forests. Springfield, Mass. Daily Union, p. 6, col. 4-5, Jan. 31, 1887. 1887 Along the Amazon. A naturalist's rambles in South America. Springfield, Mass. Daily Union, p. 6, col. 5-6, April 20, 1887. 1895 Ant nests. Entomological News, vol. 6, No. 1, p. 15-16, January. 1896 An Amazon town. Youth's Companion, vol. 70. No. 7, p. 81, cols. 2-4, illus., February 13. 1896 Notes and news. Limenitis arthemis, Strangalia bicolor, Saperda obliqua, Purpuricenus humeralis, Myodites stylopides, Chlaenius prasinus. Entomological News, vol. 7, No. 4, p. 113, April. 1897 Note: House fly with three pseudoscorpions attached. Entomologi- cal News, vol. 8, No. 1, p. 13, January. 1897 Note on Labia minor (Forficulidae). Entomological News, vol. 8, No. 9, p. 236, November. 1898 Note: Records Anisolabis maritima from Bridgeport, Conn. Entomological News, vol. 9, No. 1, p. 21, January. 1898 Curious actions of house flies. Entomological News, vol. ii, No. 9, p. 219, November. 1898 Notes on Pieris oleracea. Entomological News, vol. 9, No. 10, p. 256, December. 1899 Adalia bipunctata Linn, and its varieties. Entomological News, vol. 10, No. 5, pp. 146-147, May. 1899 Geographical distribution of Limenitis well illustrated. Entomologi- cal News, vol. 10, No. 8, p. 245, October. 1899 Coleoptera in September. Canadian Entomologist, vol. 31, Xo. 11, pp. 310-311, November. 44 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 3, MAR., 1919 1901 Asaphes a synonym. Entomological News, vol. 12, No. 3, p. 91, March. 1902 Display of caterpillars at Springfield, Mass, jocular note on an actual occurrence. Entomological News, vol. 13, No. 10, pp. 326-327, December. 1903 Beetle prizes at Springfield, Mass. Entomological News, vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 89-90, March. 1904 Diverse mosquito larvae that produce similar adults. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 143-144, July. 1904 The epistomal appendages of mosquito larvae. Journal New York Entomological Society, vol. 12, No. 3, pp, 175-177, pi. 10, Septem- ber. 1904 The eggs of Culex territans Walker. Journal New York Entomologi- cal Society, vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 246-248, December. 1904 Early stages of Carabidae. By George Dimmock and Frederick Knab. Springfield Museum of Natural History, Bui. 1, 55 pp. 4 pi., December 28. 1905 The spreading of Sphaeridium scarabaeoides L. Entomological News, vol. 16, No. 2, p. 52, February. 1905 A chironomid inhabitant of Sarracenia purpurea, Metriocnemus knabi Coq. Journal New York Entomological Society, vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 69-73, pi. 6, June. 1905 Observations on Lampyridae. Canadian Entomologist, vol. 37, No. 7, pp. 238-239, July. 1905 Los mosquitos de los tropicos. Observationes de Mr. Frederick Knab. Diario del Salvador, p. 1, August 16. 1905 Galeruca pomonae Scopoli, in North America. Entomological News, vol. 16, No. 7, pp. 230-232, September. 1906 A new species of Donacia. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 7, Nos. 2-3, pp. 122-123, for October, 1905. January. 1906 The yellow-fever mosquito. Science new ser., vol. 23, No. 581, pp. 270-271, February 16. 1906 Goeldi's "Os mosquitos no Para." Journal New York Entomological Society, vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 57-76, June. 1906 Notes on Deinocerites cancer Theobald. Psyche, vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 95-97, pi. 5-6, August. 1906 Diagnoses of new species of mosquitoes. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Wash- ington, vol. 19, pp. 133-142, September 25. 1906 The species of mosquitoes in the genus Megarhinus. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collec- tions, Washington, 1907, vol. 48 (Quarterly issue, vol. 3), pp. 241-258, illus. Publication, 1657, September 27. 1906 A new species of Donacia. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 7, Nos. 2-3, pp. 122-123, October. PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 3, MAR., 1919 45 1906 The Swarming of Culex pipiens. Psyche, vol. 13, No. 5, pp. 123-133, October. 1906 Notes on some American mosquitoes with descriptions of new species. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, vol. 19, pp. 159-172, November 12. 1906 The larvae of Culicidae classified as independent organisms. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Journal New York Entomologi- cal Society, vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 169-230, pi. 4-6, December. 1906-7 Communications. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 8, pp. 76, 77, 99, 102, 106, 115, 144, 151. 1907 On the classification of mosquitoes. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Canadian Entomologist, vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 47-50, February. 1907 A new species of Megarhinus. Canadian Entomologist, vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 50-51, February. 1907 The swarming of Anopheles punctipennis Say. Psyche, vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 1-4, February. 1907 Descriptions of some American mosquitoes. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Journal New York Entomological Society, vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 9-13, March. 1907 An early account of the copulation of Stegomyia calopus. Journal New York Entomological Society, vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 13-18, March. 1907 The classification of the Culicidae according to scale-vestiture characters. Entomological News, vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 151-154, April. 1907 New American mosquitoes. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Journal New York Entomological Society, vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 100-101, June. 1907 A new genus and species of sabethid mosquito. Journal New York Entomological Society, vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 120-121, September. 1907 Deinocerites again. Journal New York Entomological Society, vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 121-123, vSeptember. 1907 Culicid characters. Canadian Entomologist, vol. 39, No. 10, pp. 349-353, October. 1907 Color varieties of Locustidae. Science new ser., vol. 26, No. (>7u, pp. 595-597, November 1. 1907 The classification of mosquitoes. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Journal of Tropical Medicine, vol. 10, No. 21, p. 355, November 1 . 1907 Descriptions of new mosquitoes from the Panama Canal Zone. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Journal New York Entomologi- cal Society, vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 197 212, December. 19(17 Descriptions of three new North American mosquitoes. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Journal New York Entomological Society, vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 213 21 ). Decembi-r. 46 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 3, MAR., 1919 1907 Book notice. A monograph of the Culicidae of the world. By F. V. Theobald: London, 1907. Volume IV. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Journal New York Entomological Society, vol. 15. No. 4, pp. 239-248, December. 1907 Mosquitoes as flower visitors. Journal New York Entomological Society vol., 15, No. 4, pp. 215-219, December. 1907 Notes on Leptinotarsa undecimlineata Stal. Journal New York Entomological Society, vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 190-193, December. 1908 Tower's Evolution in Leptinotarsa. Science new ser., vol. 27, No. 684, pp. 223-227, February 7. 1908 Observations on the mosquitoes of Saskatchewan. Smithsonian Micellaneous Collections (Quarterly issue), vol. 50, Pt. 4, pp. 540-547, February 20. 1908 Los mosquitos de Cordova. Diario del Hogar, Mexico, D. F., p. 2, cols 3-5, March 11. 1908 Communication. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 9, No. 1, p. 23, April 25. 1908 Notes on mosquito work. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Canadian Entomologist, vol. 40, No. 9, pp. 309-312, September. 1908 Swarming of a reduviid. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 10, Nos. 1-2, p. 7, September 15. 1908 The early stages of Sayomyia punctipennis Say. (Diptera, Culicidae.) Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 10, Nos. 2-3, pp. 36-40, figs, 6-8, September 15. 1908 Descriptions of some new mosquitoes from Tropical America. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. 35, pp. 53-70, October 30. 1909 Descriptions of some new species and a new genus of American mosquitoes. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, vol. 52 (Quarterly issue, vol. 5), pp. 253-266, illus. Publication 1822, January 12. 1909 Mosquito comment. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Canadian Entomologist, vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 101-102, March. 1909 Migrations of Athena chiron Fabricius. Entomological News, vol. 20, No. 4, p. 154, April. 1909 Notes on tachinid parasites of Chrysomelidae. Psyche, vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 34-35, April. 1909 On the identity of Culex pipiens Linnaeus. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 30-39, pi. 1-3, July 26. 1909 Description of a new mosquito from Cuba. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 11, No. 1, p. 39, July 26. 1909 The role of air in the ecdysis of insects. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 68-72, August 31. 1909 Some species of Calligrapha. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 83-87, August 31. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 3, MAR., 1919 47 1909 Nuptial colors in the Chrysomelidae. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 151-153, October 5. 1909 The identification of Culex cyaneus Fahricius. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 154-155, October 5. 1909 Luminous termite hills. Science new ser., vol. 30, No. 773, pp. 574-575, October 22. 1909 Two new Philippine Culicidae. Entomological News, vol. 20, No. 9, pp. 386-388, November. 1910 Description of three new American mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 173-174, January 17. 1910 Mosquito habits and mosquito control. Science new ser., vol. 31, No. 805, pp. 868-869, June 3. 1910 The feeding-habits of Geranomyia (Diptera, Tipulidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 61-65, June 15. 1910 On the identity of Culex pallidohirta. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 81-82, June 15. 1910 Review of Blatchley's, "The Coleoptera or Beetles of Indiana." Science new ser., vol. 32, No. &32, pp. 838-840, December 9. 1910 Coquillett's, "The type species of the North American genera of Diptera." Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 197-200, December 31. 1911 Remarks on Melasoma lapponica. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 10-11, March 12. 1911 Ecdysis in the Diptera. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 32-42, March 12. 1911 Larval species. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Science new ser., vol. 33, No. 847, pp. 455-456, March 24. 1911 The food habits of Megarhinus. Psyche, vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 80-82, April 5. 1911 [Remarks on Euchroma gigantea.] Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 88-89, June 19. 1911 Chrysomela staphylea Linne in North America (Col.). Entomologi- cal News, vol. 22, No. 7, pp. 306-309, July. 1911 How Emphor drinks. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 13, No. 3, p. 170, September 30. 1911 Dr. A. Lutz's studies of Brazilian Simuliidae. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 172-179, September 30. 1912-17 The Mosquitoes of North and Central America and the \\Vst Indies. By L. O. Howard, H. G. Dyar and Frederick Kii;il>. 4 vol. (Carnegie Institution of Washington. Publication, 159, illus., pi.) 1912 Unconsidered factors in disease transmission by blood-sucking insects. Journal of Economic Entomology, vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 196-200, April. 1912 Preference for strict priority in scientific nomenclature. Entomologi- cal News, vol. 23, No. 6, pp. 271-272, June. 48 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 3, MAR., 1919 1912 Drosophila repleta Wollaston. Psyche, vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 106-108, June. 1912 New species of Anisopidae (Rhyphidae) from Tropical America. (Diptera; Nemocera). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, vol. 25, pp. 111-113, June 28. 1912 Blood-sucking and supposedly blood-sucking Leptidae. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 108-110, July 19. 1912 Diptera at home on spiders' webs. Journal New York Entomological Society, vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 143-146, September. 1912 Symphoromyia as a blood-sucker (Diptera, Leptidae). By Frederick Knab and R. A. Cooley. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 161-162, September 30. 1912 New Australian Diptera from ants' nests. By Frederick Knab and J. R. Malloch, communicated by A. M. Lea. Transactions Royal Society of South Australia, vol. 36, pp. 233-237. Read October 10. 1912 A borborid from an epiphytic bromeliad (Diptera; fam. Borboridae). Entomological News, vol. 23, No. 9, pp. 413-415, November. 1913 Remarks on geographical distribution: Diptera. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 201-202, January 10. 1913 Blood-sucking insects as transmitters of human disease. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 219-221, January 10. 1913 A proposal for the control, of certain mosquitoes. Science new ser., vol. 37, No. 943, pp. 147-148, January 24. 1913 Some neotropical Syrphidae (Diptera). Insecutor Inscitiae Men- struus, vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 13-15, February 20. 1913 Names and synonymy in Anopheles. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 15-17, February 20. 1913 Some earlier observations on the habits of Aphiochaeta juli (Brues) (Diptera, Phoridae). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 1, No. 2, p. 24, February 20. 1913 Larvae of Cyphonidae (Coleopt.) in Bromeliaceae. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine ser., 2 vol. 24, pp. 54-55, March. 1913 A new bromelicolous Megarhinus (Diptera; Culicidae). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 35-36, March 29. 1913 Changes in the mosquito-fauna of Panama. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 15, No. 1 pp. 40-42, April 9. 1913 Spider's web and malaria. Journal of Tropical Medicine, vol. 16, No. 9, pp. 133-134, May 1. 1913 A new bot-fly from reindeer (Diptera; Muscoidea). Proceedings Biological Society of Washington, vol. 26, pp. 155-156, June 30. 1913 Three new neotropical mosquitoes. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 1, No. 6, pp. 74-78, June 30. 1913 The species of Anopheles that transmit human malaria. American Journal of Tropical Diseases and Preventive Medicine, vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 33-43, July. 1913 Malaria, cause and control. By Wm. B. Herms. Science new ser., vol. 38, No. 970, pp. 162-164, Aug. 1. (Review.) PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO 3, MAR., 1919 49 1913 New moth-flies (Psychodidae) bred from Bromeliaceae and other plants. Proceedings U. S. National Museum, vol. 46, pp. ln.'!- 106, No. 2015, August 23. 1913 Anopheles and malaria. American Journal of Tropical Diseases and Preventive Medicine, vol. 1, No. 3, p. 217, September. 1913 A new Heterostylum from Mexico (Diptcra, Bombyliidae). In- secutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 1, No. 9, pp. 110-111, September 15. 1913 The contentions regarding "Forest malaria." Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 110-114, October 2. 1913 A question of authorship. Psyche, vol. 20, No. 5, p. 170. Octolu r 1913 A new Cuban Chaoborus (Diptera, Culicidae). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 1, No. 10, pp. 121-122, October 30. 1913 A new American Phlebotomus. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 1, No. 11, pp. 135-137, 1 fig., Nov. 29. 1913 The life-history of Dermatobia hominis. American Journal of Tropical Diseases and Preventive Medicine, vol. 1, No. 6, pp. 464-468, December. 1913 The lepidopterous caterpillar in the bromeliad from Costa Rica. Entomological News, vol. 24, No. 10, p. 467, December. 1913 Gad-flies (Tabanidae) of the genus Stibasoma. No. 2033. Pro- ceedings U. S. National Museum, vol. 46, pp. 407-412, December 23. 1913 A note on some American Simuliidae. Insecutor Inscitiae Men- struus, vol. 1, No. 12, pp. 154-156, December 31. 1914 A new Pantophthalmus (Diptera, Pantophthalmidae). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 27-29, February 28. 1914 On the genus Cryptochaetum (Diptera, Muscidae acalpytratae), Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 33-36, March 30. 1914 Simuliidae de Chile septentrional. Analcs de Zoologia Aplicada, vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 17-22, pi. 1, April. 1914 New Mosquitoes from Peru (Diptera, Culicidae). Insecutor In- scitiae Menstruus, vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 5862, April 24. 1914 Simuliidae of Peru. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Wash- ington, vol. 27, pp. 81-86, May 11. 1914 Ceratopogoninae sucking the blood of caterpillars. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 63-66, June 11'. 1914 Ceratopogononinae sucking the blood of other insects. Proc. Hut vSoc. Wash., vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 139-141, September 26. 191-1 Supplementary notes on Peruvian Simuliidae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, vol. 27, pp. 123-124, July 10. 1914 A review of our species of Trigonometopus (Diptera; Lauxaniidae). Psyche, vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 123-126, August. 1914 New South American scientific journal. Anales de Zoologia Aplioada. Canadian Entomologist, vol. 46, No. 8, pp. 298-299, August. 1914 A new mesembrine fly. Canadian Entomologist, vol. 4ti, No. 9, pp. 325-326, vSeptember. 50 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 3, MAR., 1919 1914 Papaya fruit fly. By Frederick Knab and W. W. Yothers. U. S. Dept. Agr. Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. 2, No. 6, pp. 447-454, pi. XLI-XLII, September 21. 1914 The oriental trigonometopine flies (Diptera, Lauxaniidae). In- secutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 2, No. 9, pp. 131-133, October 2. 1914 Two North American Syrphidae. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 2, No. 10, pp. 151-153, October 19. 1914 Drosophilidae with parasitic larvae (Diptera). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 2, No. 11, pp. 165-169, December 7. 1914 Mosquitoes and sewage disposal. By Frederick Knab and August Busck. American Journal of Tropical Diseases and Preventive Medicine, vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 333-338, November. 1915 New data and species in Simuliidae (Diptera). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 2, No. 12, pp. 177-180, January 14. 1915 A new Cuterebra from Panama (Diptera). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 2, No. 12, pp. 187-188, Jan. 14. 1915 Notes on Peruvian mosquitoes and mosquito literature. Report of First Expedition to South America. Harvard School of Tropical Medicine, Cambridge (Mass.), 1915 Appendix, Art. Ill, pp. 212-217. 1915 Brauer on generic values in the Muscoidea. Annals of the Ento- mological Society of America, vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 91-92, March. 1915 The Nemocera not a natural group of Diptera. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 93-98, March. 1915 Mosquitoes and sewage disposal. By Frederick Knab and August Busck. Southern Medical Journal, vol. 8, No. 3, p. 208, March. 1915 Dipterological miscellany. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol 17, No. 1, pp. 38-40, March 16. Evolution of the blood-sucking habit in Symphoromyia. Musca leprae Linne. A case of phoresy. 1915 Two new species of Pipinculus (Diptera Pipinculidae). Proceedings Biological Society Washington, vol. 28, pp. 83-86, pi. 3, April 13. 1915 Some West Indian Diptera. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 3, No. 1-4, pp. 46-50, May 15. 1915 A new Simulium from Texas (Diptera, Simuliidae). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 3, No. 5-7, pp. 77-78, July 20. 1915 Commensalism in Desmometopa. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 117-121, September 18. 1915 The secretions employed by rhynchophorous larvae in cocoon-making. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 154-158, September 18. 1915 Some new neotropical Simuliidae. Bulletin of Entomological Re- search, vol. 6, Pt. 3, pp. 279-282, December. 1915 New Ceratopogoninae from Peru (Diptera, Chironomidae). In- secutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 3, No. 8-10, pp. 109-111, Dec. 11. 1915 Notes on the species of Culex in the Bahamas. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 3, No. 8-10, pp. 112-115, December 11. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, XO. 3, MAR., 1919 ol 1915 A new American fruit-fly (Diptera; Trypetidae). Insccutor In- scitiae Menstruus, vol. 3, No. 11-12, p. 146, December 31. 1915 Dung-bearing weevil larvae. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 193-194, December 31. 1916 Carlos Finlay on the house-mosquitoes of Habana. (Abstract Proceedings of the 2nd Pan American Congress, Washington, D. C., Dec. 27, 1915-Jan. 8, 1916; Section VIII, Subsection 1, 1 p. I'.llti Carlos Finlay on the house mosquitoes of Habana. Proceedings of the 2nd Pan American Scientific Congress, Washington, U. S. A., Monday December 27, 1915 to Saturday, Jan. 8, 1916. Sec- tion 8 (in 2 parts), Part I, Public Health and Medicine, vol. 9, pp. 107-108, Discussion, pp. 108-110. 1916 The dispersal of some species of flies. (Abstract of paper read before 545th meeting Biological Society of Washington.) Science new ser., vol. 43, pp. 75-76, January 14. 1916 Four European Diptera established in North America. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 4, No. 1-3, pp. 1-4, March 31. 1916 Tanypezidae in the United States (Diptera acalyptrata). By Frederick Knab and R. C. Shannon. Insecutor Inscitiae Men- struus, vol. 4, No. 1-3, pp. 33-36, March 31. 1 '. 1 1 ( i Dispersal of some Ortalidae. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 40-46, fig, 1-3, April. 1916 Mycetobia and the classification of the Diptera. Entomological News, vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 259-262, 2 figs., June. 1916 The earliest name of the yellow fever mosquito. Insecutor In- scitiae Menstruus, vol. 4, No. 4-6, pp. 59-60, July 18. HUG Eggs and oviposition in certain species of Mansonia (Diptera; Culicidae). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 4, No. 4-6, pp. 61-68, 2 figs., July 18. 1916 A new mosquito from the eastern United States. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, vol. 29, pp. 161-164, Sept. 6. 1916 Critical notes on Syrphidae. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 4, Xo. 7-9, pp. 91-95, October 23. 1916 What is Tabanus mexicanus? Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 4, No. 7-9, pp. 95-100, fig. 1-2, October 23. l'.16 Egg disposal in Dermatobia hominis. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 179-182, November 27. 11H7 Further notes on Syrphidae. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 4, No. 10-12, pp. 133-135, January 12. 1917 Bromelicolous Anopheles (Diptera, Culicidae). By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 5, No. 1-3, pp. 38 40, April 6. 1917 On some North American species of Microdon. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, vol. 30, pp. 133-144, July 27. 1917 Notes on Aedes curriei (Coquillett) (Diptera, Culicidae). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 5, No. 7-9, pp. 122-125, October 15. 52 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 3, MAR., 1919 1917 A new ortalid from the Philippines (Diptera, Ortalidae). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 5, No. 7-9, pp. 125-127, October 15. 1918 New American mosquitoes (Diptera, -Culicidae). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 5, No. 10-12, pp. 165-169, Jan. 29. 1918 The genus Culex in the United States. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 5, No. 10-12, pp. 170-183, Jan. 29. 1918 A second Mycetophila with dung-bearing larva (Diptera; Myceto- philidae). Entomological News, vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 139-142, pi. 8, April. 1918 Bromelicolous Anopheles, a correction (Diptera, Culicidae). By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 6, No. 7-9, pp. 140-141, October 30. TWO MICROLEPIDOPTERA INJURIOUS TO STRAWBERRY. BY AUGUST BUSCK. Tortricodes fragariana, new species. Labial palpi porrected, smooth, light gray, mottled externally with white- tipped black scales. Head and face brownish fuscous, each scale slightly tipped with white. Forewings brownish fuscous, overlaid with black and reddish scales; a darker basal area with outwardly angulated edge is followed by a broad illdefined whitish fuscous fascia, which gradually fades into the darker posterior part of the wing; the outer edge of the fascia is emphasized by three reddish brown tufts of raised scales and by small, broken groups of black scales; a small, reddish brown tuft is found on the lower half of the fascia near the basal patch and another similar tuft is found at the end of the cell; cilia gray. Hindwings light, silvery fuscous with lighter cilia. Ab- domen yellowish fuscous. Legs blackish with narrow white annulations. Alar expance: 17 mm. Habitat: Victoria, British Columbia. U. S. Nat. Mus. Type No. 22109. According to the Dominion Assistant Entomologist, Mr. W. Downes, this species "breeds commonly in the buds at the head of the crowns of Strawberry." This is the first published record of the occurrence of this in- teresting genus in North America, but horariana, Walsingham, (Dyar No. 5414) also belongs in this genus; so does probably basiplagana, Walsingham, of which however we have no authentic specimens except the types in British Mus. The present species differs from the type in having vein 7 in the forewings to costa and in the smoother labial papli; it also has a short but distinct tongue. Aristotelia fragariae, new species. Second joint of labial palpi light fuscous on the inner side, blackish ex- teriorly ; tip of second joint light strawcolored ; terminal joint yellowish fuscous. The face and head yellowish fuscous, iridescent. Thorax dark fuscous. Forewings dark fuscous, overlaid with sparce yellowish scales; three indistinct PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 3, MAR., 1919 53 and illdefined blackish brown spots on the cell, another more denned black spot at the end of the cell; at apical third is an indistinct yellowish costal streak and around the edge is a postmarginal black line on the base of the cilia ; cilia light gray. Hindwings light fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous with yellowish anal tuft. Legs blackish fuscous with narrow ochreous annula- tions. Alarexpance: 12mm. Habitat: Victoria, British Columbia. U. S. Nat. Mus. Type No. 22110. Received from Mr. W. Downes. This is the socalled "Straw- berry Crownborer," on which there is a considerable economic literature, but which has never received a specific name. The species is exceedingly close to Aristotelia absconditella, Walker, which feed on Polygonum; the lighter colored terminal joint of the labial palpi and minute differences in the white annulations of the antennae are the only slight distinctions, but slides of the male genitaliea prove the separation correct. In the National Museum are also specimens bred from straw- berry at Corvallis, Oregon. AVOCADO SEED WEEVILS. BY H. S. BARBER, Bureau of Entomology. Since the writer's 1912 note on the large weevil (Heilipus lauri Boh.) reared from Central American seeds of avocado, (Per sea spp.} a federal quarantine has become effective against importation of these seeds, and in this connection the weevil has been mentioned several times. Together with three other seed-infesting weevils mentioned hereafter, it was used in the seed fumigation experiments described by Sasscer 1915. A recent paper by Hoyt 1918 warns the avocado growers of Florida against this possible pest and mentions the feeding injury by the adult in confinement but no field observations (except those of Gandara and Inda 1914, in which the damage by some bark-borer and perhaps other pests also seems to have been confused with that by Heilipus} have yet offered us any basis upon which we may satisfy our curiosity as to the nature or extent of commercial damage liable from this weevil under its most favorable condi- tions. We are still in ignorance of the principal part of its biology since the only observations of which I am aware are based upon prepupal larvae and pupae found within imported seeds and upon the adult beetles issuing thereform. One of these latter lived under my observation for four and a half months, most of the time confined upon a potted seedling avocado about 14 inches high, which it killed by its voraceous feeding upon the leaves, buds, and finally upon the bark. Before being placed 54 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 3, MAR., 1919 upon this plant it had fed upon ripe avocado fruit and, when starved to it, upon the seed of the same. 1 Two quite distinct though closely related forms of adults were mentioned in the 1912 note and it was then hoped that more material would soon be available, as well as observations on habits in its native home, but the infested seed subsequently received in Washington seems to have contained only the larvae of a somewhat smaller weevil often occurring a dozen or more in a single seed, and which when reared proved to be the species described below as Conotrachelus perseae. I know of no one who has noticed either weevil in its wild state. An excellent photo- graph of very serious injury to the pulp surrounding the seed was made by Wilson Popenoe at Panajachel, Guat. in Jan. 1917, and will apear in his forthcoming paper on Guatemalan Avocados (U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 743, pi. XI). The larvae there shown are certainly weevil larvae (probably C. perseae}, but when found were mistaken for the larvae of the moth Stenoma sp. The two forms of Heilipus are so distinct in habitus that it seems best to use distinctive names for them but it is more than likely that intergrading forms will be discovered in avocado seed from other tropical American localities and require the reduction of the new form to the rank of a subspecies. In the ten specimens before me the relative lengths of the rostrum may be shown by the decimal quotients found by dividing the measured length of the beak (from margin of eye) by the measured length of the prono- tum (before scutellum) which are as follows: H. lauri & . 7 46.4 46.4 broken 32.1 43 32.1 21.4 18 32.1 35.7 50 46.4 21 .4 lit. 6 35.7 35.7 46.4 53 5 21 4 L9.6 35.7 35.7 46.4 41'. 8 broken t t m f 74 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 32 1 44.5 50 broken . 35.7 50 53.5 21.4 21.4 37.4 35 .7 42 8 46.4 21 .4 21.4 35.7 35.7 49.9 35.7 21.4 17.8 35.7 28.5 42.8 39.2 21.4 21 .4 35.7 28.5 46.4 39.2 17.8 17.8 35.7 antennae and legs both rather small, the latter with the tibia and tarsus about equal in length, the hind coxae with numerous rather large, approx- imately circular pores, the number varying from 26 to 60, with the average to each coxa around 40; and lobes small, rather stout, round-pointed, with three large stout dorsal spines, the longest sometimes as much as 53 /x long, and apical, a subapical and basal ventral hair, apical hair 230-270 yu ="=, sub- apical 120 ju , longest anal ring hair about 125 ju == ; anal ring with 8 hairs, the ring itself typical of the genus; body dorsally with numerous large, slightly curved, strongly tapering spines, slender tipped, rounded at apex, these not noticeably differentiated in size or position from the similar marginal spines; body ventrally with a transverse row of small hairs, varying in length, on each of at least the abdominal segments; ventral multiocular gland pores rather numerous; dorsal cup-shaped gland bases rather broad and shallow, slightly asymmetrical. Male Piiparium. Occurring on the leaves and twigs of the host; about 1.75 mm. long, elongate flat beneath, convex above, flattened caudally, with a wide horizontal semicircular opening at the caudal apex; delicate in texture, thin but opaque, w'hitish, surface rather fuzzy. This species has been described from 13 specimens mounted on slides and a number of specimens in position on the host plant, sent from Bomplana, Misiones, Argentina, December, 1910, under collection number 854a, some material from "Myrtaccous plant, ' ' some on ' 'Myricia apiculate' ' and some on an unstated host. The types are in the U. S. National Collection of Coccidae. Genus Erium Cockerell. This genus is credited to Crawford in the Catalogue of the Goccidae of the World, 1903, p. 112 by Mrs. Fernald, and to Maskell by Ferris in The California Species of Mealy Bugs, 1918, p. 7.i. An examination of the first bibliographical reference given in the Catalogue, that to Maskell (Trans. N. Z. Inst. XXIV, 1891, p. 35) shows that Maskell describes the type species of the genus, globosus Mask, as a P seudococcus , and merely states that in the Crawford collection, from which he obtained his specimens of the species, it had been labeled Erium globositni. Maskell does not make any statement which could be construed as establishing the name Erium as even a subdivision of the genus Pseudococcus, and consequently the first use of this name in literature for a group of coccids is by Cockerell (Am. Nat. XXXI, PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, XO. 4, APR., 1919 IO 1897, p. 590), who states "(5). Erium, Crawford, ins. This name will stand for the subgenus of Dactylopins without lateral cottony tufts, . The type is D. globosus Mask.," and the genus must therefore be credited to him and from that date. So far as is known to the writer, there are at present two de- scribed species of this genus from South America, one, Erium parcispinosMH (Leon.) (Eriococcus parcispinosus Leon. Bol. Lab. Zool. gen. e agr. R. Scuola sup. d'Agr. Portici, vol. V, 1911, 248-9, fig. VII), and the other E. annaiuni (Hemp.) (Eriococcus armatus Hempel, Rev. Mus. Paulista, IV, 1900, p. 38-3) both incorrectly described originally as Eriococcus. The proper position of E. parcispinosiim (Leon.) does not appear to have been noted heretofore. Assuming that the published descriptions and figures of the two species are correct, they may easily be separated by an examination of the antennae, E. parcispinosum having 8-segmented antennae, while those of E. arniatitni are 7-segmented. Erium armatum (Hemp.) is represented in the collection from Sr. Jorgensen by material from Mendoza, Argentina, host and date of collection not given, under collection number oN/>. Subfam. TACHARDIINAE. Genus Tachardia R. Blanch. Tachardia lycii Leon. The specimens of this species in the collection at hand agree very well with Leonardos description and figures of Tachardia lycii (Bol. Lab. Zool. gen. e agr. R. Scuola sup. d'Agr. Portici, vol. V, 1911, p. 250) with the single exception that they average larger than the measurements given by him. While it is of course impossible to make any definite statement, it appears to the writer, after a careful study of Leonardos description of /". cordaliae (Ibid., p. 258), that it is very doubtfully distinct from the T. lycii described on the preceding pages. Two lots of material have been examined, both from Mendoza, Argentine under collection numbers .'>// and ;>9r, then- being no additional data. Subfamily COCCINAE. In addition to the known and apparently new species of this subfamily which are treated in their proper systematic sequence, there were four lots of material which could not be determined specifically on account of the scarcity of specimens, but these are included with generic or tentative determinations for the sake of the greatest possible completeness in the report, as follows: Pulvinaria sp. This species, from Misiones, Argentina, Nov. 1910, under collection number KiXa, is probably new, but there 76 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 is only a single mounted specimen, and some unmounted parts of other specimens available for examination, so it must be left until additional material is available for study. Ceroplastes sp. Under collection number 17 there are a few specimens of a Ceroplastes obtained from Veronica elliptica at Buenos Aires, Argentina, May, 1911, but the number is too few and their condition too poor to make a specific determination possible. Ceroplastes sp. Under collection number 3 there is a specimen or two of a species of this genus, possibly the same as the pre- ceding, obtained from Lithraea molleoides at Buenos Aires, Argentina, May, 1911. As in the preceding lot, the material is insufficient for specific determination. Akermes verrucosus (Sign.)(?). From Bomplana, Misiones, Argentina on Solanaceae, November, 1910, under collection number 92a, there is a single specimen of a large convex, almost spherical, lecanine scale insect, which seems to agree rather well with Signoret's description of Lecanium verrucosum (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., (5) III, 1873, p. 442) which was described from Monte- vidio, Uruguay, and has been placed by Cockerell in his genus Akermes. The writer is inclined to question the correctness of this reference of Signoret's species to Akermes, since it has well developed legs and antenne, while the type of the genus, A. bruneri Ckll. has both of these so very greatly reduced that they are almost wanting. Genus Ceroplastes Gray. Ceroplastes bruneri Ckll. The specimens of this species from the Jorgensen collection are all immature, but a comparison with the type material, kindly deposited in the U. S. National Collection of Coccidae by Prof. Cockerell leaves no question as to the identity of the material. Prof. Cockerell (Can. Ent., XLII, 1910, p. 76) establishes this species as the type of a new subgenus, Ceroplastidia. This sub- genus, so far as the writer can determine, is synonymous with Gascardia Targ., a genus described by Targionia Tozzetti (Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital., XXVI, 1894, p. 456, "and placed by him in the) subfamily Tachardiinae, but redescribed by Newstead (Quart. Jour. Inst. Comm. Res. Liverpool Univ., vol. Ill, 1908, p. 3 et. seq.) and properly placed close to and doubtfully distinct from the genus Ceroplastes. Neither genus appears to be founded on any definite morphological characters that would distinctly separate it from Ceroplastes, and Newstead's opinion regarding the very close relationship with the latter genus appears to be fully justified by an examination of Prof. Cockerell's type of Cero- plastidia. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 7< The wax in the immature specimens of C. bninen which are in this collection is light olive-green in color, while the white secretion mentioned by Cockerell is very conspicuous. There are three lots of the material, one on Leguminosae from Bomplana, Misiones, Argentina under collection number o2a, one from Misiones, Argentina on Acacia, June 17, 1909, and the third from Misiones, Argentina on Acacia riparia, May, 1909, both of the latter without collection numbers. Ceroplastes grandis Hempel. The material of this species in this collection has been com- pared with cotype specimens from Mr. Hempel. The size of the dried cotype specimens is somewhat smaller than is indicated by Hempel in his original description (Riv. Mus. Paulista, vol. IV, 1900, p. 455), while the color is a uniform light buff or pale clay- yellow, with two narrow lateral streaks of white secretion on each side. All of the Jorgensen material is somewhat smaller than this cotype material, not much more than S mm. in length in any case, but it has not been possible to find anything else that would differentiate these lots of specimens from the cotype (.". grandis of Hempel, all the structural characters apparently being the same, if allowance be made for only a limited amount of variation. The material examined is as follows: On Cephoreseyhon barbinervis, Buenos Aires, Argentina, May, 1911, collection number 10; on Scutia buscifolia, Buenos Aires, Feb. 191 1, collec- tion number 11; on Compositae and on Baccharis salicifolia, Bomplana, Misiones, Argentina, October, 1910, collection number for both hosts 76a ; on Vitex montividiensis, Bomplana, Misiones, Argentina, Oct. 1910, collection number '.)'2'2d; on Actimostema lanceolata, Bomplana, Misiones, Argentina, Oct. (1910?), collec- tion number 395a; on Ilex Paraguay ensis, Bomplana, Misiones, Argentina, Oct. 1910, collection number JSSOa; on unstated host, May, 1911, Buenos Aires, Argentina, without collection number. It is of course impossible to make a definite statement without having type material to examine, but there seems to be nothing but the question of size to distinguish Cockerell's Ceroplastes bergi (Com. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires no. S, 1901, p. 2SS) from ( '. grandis Hempel. The question of the difference in the number of antennal segments is deliberately ignored in making this suggestion, especially since Prof. Cockerell mentions that one of the joints in the antennae is indistinct. In view of the fact that the final color of the dried cotype material, received from Hempel, of C. grandis is buff or clay-yellow, quite different from the color of the fresh and probably living specimens as noted by Hempel in his original description, there is evidently a gradual but 78 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 very decided change in the color of the wax, presumably due to its drying out after death or separation of the insect from the living host plant, and any differences in the color of the wax of C. bergi, as compared with C. grand-is such as are noted by Cock- erell, are easily susceptible of explanation as being due to the stage of the drying-out process which had been reached when they were described by Prof. Cockerell. Ceroplastes novaesi Hempel. The writer has identified as this species four lots of material, two each from widely separated localities in Argentina, although with some doubt and certain reservations. However, it is not considered advisable, in view of the present condition of the classification of this genus, to describe any new species where material is possibly referable to any described species. The specimens from the Jorgensen collection have been compared with cotype material in the U. S. National Collection of Coccidae, kindly contributed by Mr. Hempel. No material of Ceroplastes novaesi mendozae Ckll. (Can. Ent. XXXIV, 1902, p. 93) has been available for examination. The collections are as follows: Mendoza, Argentina, on Baccharis salicifolia, Feb. 10, 1909, collection number 14t; Mendoza, Argentina, on Baccharis subulata, Feb. 8, 1909, collection number ISc; Bomplana, Misiones, Argen- tina, on Baccharis sp. July, 1910, collection number 181a; Bom- plana, Misiones, Argentina, on Compositae, June 1910, collection number 72lh. Ceroplastes subrotundus Leon. The material at hand, as in the preceding species is somewhat doubtfully referred to this species of Leonardi. The description agrees quite well, particularly if allowances are made for the scarcity of the material available to Leonardi for examination, and for the rather poor condition of the Jorgensen specimens of the species. It is represented by a lot of material from Cordillera de Mendoza, Argentina, on Caesalpinia praecox (Leguminosae), Feb. 8, 1909, collection number 4a. Ceroplastes lucidus Hempel. This species is represented in the Jorgensen collection b\ a single lot of material from Mendoza, Argentina on Lippia lycioides, Feb. 8, 1909, under collection number 1266. A com- parison with cotypes of this species deposited in the U. S. National Collection of Coccidae by Mr. Hempel shows no apparent mor- phological differences and only the single external difference that the color of the wax in the specimens from Mendoza is a yellow-brown while in the type material it is strongly reddish brown. Hempel in his original description notes this variation in his material. It seems rather surprising to find this species PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 79 apparently occurring naturally in two such widely separated localities as southeastern Brazil and western Argentina, although what seems to be a similar situation exists in the case of C. novae si Hempel. The following species of this genus is described with some hesitation, but it has not been possible to place the specimens even approximately under any already described species from this region, although it is quite possible that the species has already been described. Ceroplastes deciduosus, 11. sp. (PL 4, fig. 6; pi. 7, fig. 2, A-G.) Adult Female. Occurring on the twigs of the host, strongly convex, sub- hemispherical, length, covered with wax, about 5 mm., width about 4.25 mm., height 2.5 mm.; in the fully developed female covered with wax the shape stout convex, with the whole surface irregularly nodulose, while the wax plate divisions are wholly obscured ; in the immature forms (probably adult females before the development of ovaries and the chitinization of the derm) much less convex, rather flat pyramidal with the apex broadly truncate, with a sort of stout horseshoe-shaped dorsal waxy ridge surrounding the elongate oval central nucleus and with the borders of the poorly defined lateral plates produced into stout wavy ridges and otherwise pitted and ridged; normal color of the wax light golden yellow, but this varying to a dark orange-red in some individuals; wax on the dried specimens semi-trans- parent yellow within, hard and brittle, not very thick, and evidently very easily deciduous, since of the four specimens of adult females available for examination, three are completely denuded of wax and the fourth has a large chunk missing from one side ; denuded female quite variable in color and usually conspicuously mottled, the colors ranging from blood-red to pale yellow, almost cream color; with a number of shallow pits dorsally among which it is possible to distinguish a more or less defined submedian dorsal row on each side running forward from anterior to the anal plates; surface except for the pits smooth and shining, except along the margin in the region of the spiracular grooves where it is punctured and wrinkled; the female boiled in KOH giving off a dark reddish brown color which stains the liquid strongly; the derm of the adult female still remaining yellow-brown with occasional clear areas after boiling, with the caudal horn inconspicuous and only slightly differentiated; in the immature- specimens the caudal horn is low, slightly conical and more distinctly differentiated from the rest of the derm which becomes colorless on boiling; antennae of adult female 6-segmented, the measurements in microns as follows: II. III. IV. V. VI. 43 100 2! 4 25 28 5 39.2 101 .5 21 ! 28.5 32 n; i 100 42 S 35.7 43 103. 5 1 21.4 25 32 1 With an almost complete pseudo-joint IUMI tin- apex. 80 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 legs as usual in the genus, the measurements of one of an adult female as^ follows: coxa, lOOyu, trochanter 64. 2/x, femur 110. GM, tibia 93^, tarsus, 43ju, claw I7.8fj., the measurements in all cases being of the greatest length, the corresponding parts on the different legs being approximately equal in length with the exception of the coxae, which are progressively larger from fore to hind, claw short and stout, in some specimens at least with a tiny denticle at tip, so the apex appears bidentate; with two digitules, one about twice the length of the claw, slender, knobbed at apex, the other a little longer, distinctly stouter and with an elongate flattened, blade-like apex; tarsal digitules about as long as claw digitules, both slender, knobbed at apex; shank of spiracles slender, ends greatly enlarged transversely, the outer more than the inner; marginal spines elongate, slender, acute, widely separated; spiracular spines numerous, stout, bullet-shaped or cylindrical, with the apex tapering conically and truncate, arranged in a close cluster of from about 26 to 48, varying considerably in size among themselves and in shape as well, those along the body margin the largest; dorsal surface with scattered elongate, slender, peg-like spines with rounded apices; ventral surface with similar but smaller and more scattered spines or hairs; dorsally with scattered un- usual triocular pores, the three openings arranged in line, the two outer circular and much smaller than the inner ; ventrally with a band of, roughly, around 200 multiocular disk pores running from each spiracle to the cor- responding group of spines, with curved transverse bands of similar pores surrounding and anterior to the anal plates, and with some very minute scattered pores, apparently similar to the triocular pores described for the dorsum, although too small to be definitely recognized; anal plates together forming almost a circle, inserted at the apex of the small cone, an average length 157 M, width of each 78 /*; each plate with the inner margin straight and the outer continuously curved, but plainly widest before the middle so the posterior outer face of the curve is longest and least sharp; showing a continuous thickening around the margin due to heavy chitinization ; with two marginal setae near the caudal apex, the inner and posterior about 28p long, the outer and anterior about 43 n long, normally with two dorsal setae set on the inner half about one-fourth or a little more of the plate length from the posterior apex and a third set close to or on the inner margin of the plate about half-way between the other two and the apex, but with some variation in these positions; ventrally on each plate with a single seta set close to the edge just anterior to and below the outer marginal seta, and with two or usually three other setae in a row along the ventral ridge of the plate, the posterior of these the largest, all these ventral setae smaller than those oc- curring on the dorsum; with five fringe setae on each side, the outer two the largest, the inner three smaller, the five forming into two groups; anal ring small, stout, nearly circular, with a row of pores along the inner and outer margins and with three hairs on each half, these set near the outer margin. This species has been described from 2o specimens mounted on slides and from a number in position on the host plant, these nearly all immature. They were collected on Lapium big- PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 M landulosum at Buenos Aires, Argentina, May, 1911, under collec- tion number \'l. The type's are in the U. S. National Collection of Coccidae. Genus Ceroplastodes Ckll. Ceroplastodes misiones, n. sp. (PI. 4, fig. 7; pi. 6, fig. 3, A-G.) Test of Female. Occurring on the small stems of the host; length about i 1 . 75 mm., width 1.5 mm. height 1 mm., elongate oval, strongly convex, ends rounded, with low broad median carina which runs from the anal opening to the anterior border, except for a short distance at either end, and is divided into three sections, frequently with part missing or reduced; rest of dorsum smooth, laterally with a row of small blunt tubercles above, with a row of impressions or shallow pits below, these followed lower down by another row of low tubercles, this arrangement poorly defined and often not determinable ; the test somewhat glassy, translucent whitish showing faint straight lines radiating from the lateral pits and wavy lines, somewhat similar to those on a mussel-shell, encircling the group of lateral pits; the anal plate orifice irregularly elongate oval. Adult Female. Color of dried form varying from light chestnut to dark reddish brown; body shriveling to the anterior end of the test, and wholly free from it, the fully expanded female mounted on a slide as much as 2.5 mm. long and 1.5-2 mm. broad, broad oval, the anal cleft short, so the anal plates are not inserted more than twice their own length within the posterior body margin; giving off a yellow-brown stain when boiled in KOH, the derm becoming nearly colorless; antennae quite variable, 7 to 8-segmented, the difference due to a division of the fourth segment, and indicated in the follow- ing table of measurements in microns by placing the measurements of the fourth segment in the 7-segmented antennae under the combined heading IV and V : II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. 35.7 71 .4 49.9 46.4 32.1 32.1 46.4 35.7 74.9 49.9 39.2 39.2 32.1 46.4 35.7 71.4 4:2.8 32.1 24.9 21 .4 49.9 39.2 74.9 89.2 39.2 35.7 57.1 42.8 74.9 85.6 35.7 35.7 60.6 32.1 71.4 71 4 12.8 39.2 49.9 32.1 74.9 74 '.( 35.7 39.2 If. t 35.7 74.9 85 . 5 39.2 :;L> . 1 49.9 legs large, rather stout, average measurements of a middle leg as follows: coxa, 153. 5/x, trochanter 100 yu, femur 178.5/u, tibia 160. 6,u, tarsus 114. 2/u, flaw 25/u, tarsal digitule 57^, claw digitule 28.5/u, tarsal digitules long and slender, slightly knobbed at apex, claw digitules both stout, slightly swollen basally and apically; body margin with a continuous row of rather stout tapering spines, very bluntly rounded, almost truncate at apex, averaging about 18-22(u long and most spaced a little further apart than the length of one spine; accompanied by an occasional submarginal slender sharp 82 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 seta about as long as one of the spines; spiracular region normally with three spines larger than the marginal, but sometimes with an additional pair of differentiated spines, the median the largest, averaging 5771/j. long, the second pair averaging proportionally to the median 36-57 n long, the third pair when differentiated, still smaller; dorsally with an occasional small spine-like seta set in a well-developed socket; ventrally with a median pair of long slender hairs on several segments anterior to the anal plates and with a pair of unequal size hairs near the antennal bases; dorsal glands apparently wholly of the long-tubed cup-shaped base type, these scattered dorsally but rather numerous along the body margin; with an anterior and a posterior dorsal pair of peculiar circular structures, probably the same as the submarginal tubercles of Coccus and related genera, each pair quite close to the corresponding end of the body; ventrally apparently with only circular multiocular disk pores, the scattered row running from each spiracle to the spiracular spines small, about 4/j, diameter and with about 6 oculi, those occurring in bands and clusters in considerable numbers around and anterior to the anal plates much larger, about 7/u in diameter, and apparently with about 12 oculi; anal plates about 133 /j. long and 71 n wide, each triangular, with the posterio- lateral side longer than the anterio-lateral, with a distinct apical seta, usually broken off, about 32 ^ long, with three dorsal setae, the first about one-fourth of the plate length from the posterior apex and near the inner margin, the second a little further from the apex and nearer the outer margin of the plate than the inner, the third distinctly nearer the cephalic than the caudal apex of the plate and quite close to its inner edge; with three setae rather close together on the ventral ridge, the outer the largest, protruding beyond the plate apex; with a single large fringe seta on each side; anal ring apparently with 6 hairs, but this not determinable with certainty. This species has been described from 5 females mounted on a slide and a number of unmounted specimens in position on the host plant, which appears to be a Compositae, although not named. The material is from Bomplana, Misiones, Argentina, Oct., 1 ! ) 1 0, on an unstated host plant under collection number 7 10ft. The types are in the U. S. National Collection of Coccidae. Genus Pseudokermes Ckll. Pseudokermes nitens (Ckll.) (PI. 4, fig. 9.) This species is represented by material from Bomplana, Misiones, Argentina, on Eugenia uniflora, Oct., 1910, under collection number 158a. Genus Akermes Ckll. Akermes bruneri Ckll. (PI. 4, fig. 10.) This species is represented in the Jorgensen collection by one lot of material from Posadas, Misiones, Argentina, on Celt-is tala, April, liMO, under collection number 728. PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 The antennae and legs are present but minute and very greatly reduced; it has not so far been possible to locate any spiracular or marginal spines, although they probably occur in the species. The band of multiocular disk pores running from each spiracle to the margin of the body is very heavy, probably including several hundred of these pores closely crowded together. Genus Saissetia Targ. Saissetia oleae (Bern.) This species is represented by two lots of material, one from Buenos Aires, Argentina, on Pittosporum tobira, May, 1911, with collection number 8, the other from the same locality, on Nerium oleander, during the same period, with collection number 5. Saissetia silvestrii Leon. There are a few specimens of what seems without question to be this species in the collection from Buenos Aires, Argentina, on Celtis tala, May, 1911, under collection number 24. The species was originally described from Cacheuta, somewhere in the subandean region of the republic from Zuccagnia punctata, and with no further records of its distribution in Argentina available, the evidence indicates a probable artificial introduction into Buenos Aires. Saissetia argentina, n. sp. (PL 4,%. 11; pi. 7, fig. 1, A-H.) Adult Female. Occurring on the small twigs and branches of the host, frequently closely crowded in clusters; leaving a whitish mark, formed by waxy secretion when detached from the host; maximum length 2.75 mm., maximum width about 2.75 mm., height 2.25 mm., strongly convex, irreg- ularly hemispherical, apparently normally covered with a thin transparent coating of hard wax which is very easily deciduous, leaving only a few small irregular wax scales on the more prominent points on the dorsum; surface of both wax and body faintly shining, smooth, body surface usually with a low elongate mid-dorsal ridge, this not noticed in a few specimens and typi- cally with two shallow pits on each side of the middle line on the dorsum, these sometimes confluent so that there is apparently only a single elongate but short, shallow groove running lengthwise on the body on each side of the middle line; with a slight suggestion of a cubical form, due to the presence of faint traces of broad slightly rounded ridges at the four "corners" of the body, these elevations very indistinct or wanting, lateral only, not con- tinued onto the dorsum; body surface in a band all around the margin faintly pitted and rugose, this rather broad band occurring between the margin and a lateral row of pits similar to those described as present on the dorsum, but less developed and more numerous; the body shape usually more ir- regular than described, in crowded specimens; body color reddish brown, 84 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., about burnt sienna, with numerous closely set large, oval or somewhat ir- regular lighter brown areas, representing the derm pores; boiled in KOH the insect giving off a reddish brown stain, and staining the liquid a light reddish brown; the derm becoming semitransparent, but remaining strong reddish brown in color; the dorsal pits already mentioned appearing as two deep heavily chitinized pocket-like invaginations of the dorsum on each side ; the derm pores clear, conspicuous, irregular in shape and size, with the median dorsal area showing small circular to oval pores, these gradually increasing in size till outside of the dorsal pits, there forming a broad circle of large irregularly shaped rather closely crowded pores, these again decreasing in size gradually till they become even smaller than the mid-dorsal pores in the submarginal area, becoming relatively minute in the marginal area, the pores in the anal plate area radiating more or less distinctly from the plates; antennae much reduced in size and length, maximum total length about 120 n, approaching the rudimentary type, obscurely 5 to 7-segmented, the joints so indistinct and variable as to prevent accurate tabulations of antennal measurements, measurements of a single antenna about as follows: I, 17 n, II, 7.5yu, III and IV, 47 p. (with possible division making III 21.5/x and IV 25/x), V, HM, VI, 7yu, VII, 14 M (these lengths not including any allowances for space occupied by joints), the joint between III and IV, if present, very indistinct, the joints between V, and VI and VII large but incomplete; legs small, semi-rudimentary, rather stout in proportion to the length, with the different parts poorly formed and indistinctly separated, particularly the tibia and tarsus; total length, including the elongated coxa 105/x or less; coxa with about 5 hairs, trochanter very much reduced, with one or two hairs, femur apparently with three hairs, tibia apparently with four hairs, tarsus with about four hairs, tarsal digitules relatively long and slender, produced more than half the length of the claw beyond its apex, slightly knobbed at apex, claw short, broad and stout, the digitules similar to those of the tarsus but not so long; marginal spines few, scattered rather evenly along the body edge, small with slightly swollen bases, tapering uniformly to an acute tip, maximum length about 14 /z, those at posterior end of body- adjacent to anal cleft more closely set, and as much as 29 /x long; spiracular spines typical of the genus, with one relatively long and large one, flanked by a very much smaller one on each side, middle spine 82 n long, lateral spines each about 12. SM long all tapering, bluntly rounded at apices; dorsal surface apparently without spines or hairs, except for a few of the former, similar to and a little smaller than the marginal spines and probably homologous with them, placed along the edge of the anterior curve of the gap in which the anal plates are inserted; ventral surface w r ith a number of slender hairs of various sizes some minute ones close to the spiracles, the exact position and relation of the others not determinable, but apparently with a pair much larger than the others somewhere anterior to the anal plates; the dorsal gland cell cavities or pores quite variable in size, depending on their location, with the true pore or opening a minute circle usually to one side of the very PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 S.~> thin transparent outer surface covering of the cell cavity; the transparent area varying from irregularly circular to irregularly elongate oval, and usually surrounded by an area of darker brown than the remainder of the derm with approximately but by no means exactly the same shape as the clear area; of the clear areas, the largest observed in the subdorsal region about 170/i in largest diameter, the diameters in the middorsal region ranging from 25-50 ^ with the larger size nearer the average, through the whole dorsal and sub- dorsal region with an occasional minute pore with a diameter of about G/u; the distances between the middorsal pores varying, but rarely less than 5(V; in the region of the large subdorsal pores, the minimum w r idth of the chitinized separating area about the same, although on account of the larger size of the clear areas, the resulting impression given is that they are more closely crowded; in the submarginal region the clear areas smaller than dorsally, but even closer together and usually elongate oval in shape, the pores in- the marginal band all much smaller than elsewhere, though very uneven in size, nearly circular, with a maximum diameter of about 15^, and separated by widely varying distances, the minimum being about 25/u, but giving the im- pression that they are far more widely scattered and separated than in other regions of the dorsum; ventrally with fairly numerous but scattered minute elongate slender tubular glands with cup-shaped bases, the total length from opening to end of cup about 21 M, and with multiocular pores, a few scattered near each spiracle, an occasional one in the derm between it and the spiracular spines, and rather numerous groups in the anal plate region, the exact number and position of these not determinable; anal cleft completely fused for prac- tically its entire length; anal plates together forming a short oval, almost a circle, sometimes unequal in length, maximum length about 165 /u, width of each about 68-70 ju, inner margins more or less parallel-wavy, but nearly straight, outer margins almost uniformly curved from base to apex; with four dorsal spines, one apical, two subapical and quite close to the apex, and the fourth a little caudad of the middle and quite close to the inner margin of the plate, with three or usually four spines of different lengths on the ventral ridge of each plate, with a single small fringe seta and with four small hypopygial setae, each plate with from one to five indistinct scattered oval pores in a slightly curved row running caudad and medially from a point on the outer margin about one-third of the plate length from its base, when only a single pore is present, located about the middle of the length of the plate and well inside the outer margin; with a small anal ring, length 87 M, width 36 M, very distinctly divided into two wide slightly curved halves, each about lOju wide, with 10 anal ring hairs in all, the longest of these about 128ju, rather slender. This species has been described from 15 specimens and parts of specimens mounted on slides and from a considerable amount of unmounted material, all from Mendoza, Argentina, collection number I7h, no data as to host or date of collection available. The types are in the U. S. National Collection of Coccidae. 86 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 vSubfam. DIASPINAE. Genus Aspidiotus Bouche. Aspidiotus hederae (Vallot). This, the only Diaspinae included in the collection received from vSr. Jorgensen, has been identified by Mr. E. R. Sasscer. It was obtained at Buenos Aires, Argentina on Nectandra acutifolia, May, 1911, under collection number 23, and was found in the bottoms of small cup or pocket galls formed on the leaves of the host and protruding from the surface. Since it was possible to find an occasional Psyllid nymph in the same situation, how- ever, it appears certain that the latter insect and not the Aspi- diotus was responsible for the formation of the galls. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. Plate 4. (All of these photographs are 2*/2 times enlargement.) Fig. 1. Icerya minima, n. sp. adult females. Fig. 2. Eriococcus mendozae, 11. sp., sacs of adult females on host. Fig. 3. A sterolecanium viridulum Ckll., adult females on host. Fig. 4. Birchippia americana Leon., adult females on host. Fig. 5. Eriococcus leguminicola, n. sp., sacs of females on host. Fig. 6. Ceroplastes deciduosus, n. sp., incompletely developed adult females. Fig. 7. Ceroplastodes misiones, n. sp., tests of adult females on host. Fig. 8. Ericoccus jorgenseni, n. sp., sacs of adult females on host. Fig. 9. Pseudokermes nitens Ckll., adult females, somewhat injured by lepidopterous larva which has w T ebbed the specimens. Fig. 10. Akermes bruneri Ckll., adult females on host. Fig. 11. Saissetia argentina, n. sp. adult females on host. Plate 5. (The designations of the body spines figured in this plate are as follows: A. anal lobe spine; D. dorsal spine; M. marginal spine.) Fig. 1. Eriococcus mendozae, n. sp.: A. antenna, X66; B. fore leg, X66 C. hind leg, X66; D. hind coxa showing pores, XI32; E. body spines, X256; F. apex of hind femur showing pores, X132; G. dorsal cupshaped gland duct, X256; H. apex of abdomen showing anal lobes and ring, dorsally to left, ventrally to right, with the characteristic number and position of the dorsal spines and the ventral hairs, XI 32. Fig. 2. Eriococcus leguminicola, n. sp.: A. antenna, X6G; B. fore leg, X66; C. hind leg, X66; D. hind coxa showing pores, XI 32; E. body spines from Mimosa, X2;~>6; F. body spines from Caesalpinia, X256; G. young larva from dorsum, X66. Fig. 3. Eriococcus perplexus Hempel: A. antenna, XlHi; B. fore leg, X66; PI.ATK 4 PROC. ENT. S(lC. WASH., VOL. 21 MORRISON ARGENTINE COCCIDAK PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VI) I.. 21 PLATli .5 M()RRIS< >N ARGENTINE O H'CI DA K PLATE 6 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 21 MORRISON ARGENTINE COCCIDAE PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21 PLATE 7 . S> ; -?.' O o c^k o . . dS>o \ f o ^cP ^^ j^7 ::\^ :. ( ^^ ^c? 20 - ^^^ ^ MORRISON-ARGKNTIM: COCCIDAK 90 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 C. hind leg, X66; D. hind coxa showing pores in groups, X132; E. body spines, X256; F. apex of hind femur showing pores, X132. Fig. 4. Eriococcus jorgenseni, n. sp.: A. antenna, X66; B. fore leg, X66; C. hind leg, X66; D. hind coxa showing pores, X132; E. body spines, X256; F. apex of hind femur showing pores, X132. Fig. 5. Eriococcus brasiliensis Ckll., material from the Jorgensen collection: A. antenna, X66; B. fore leg, X66; C. hind leg, X66; D. hind coxa showing pores, X132; E. body spines, X256. Fig. 6. Eriococcus brasiliensis Ckll., material from Nat. Coll. Coccidae: A. antenna, X66; B. fore leg, X66; C. hind leg, X66; D. hind coxa showing pores, X132; E. body spines, X256. Plate 6. Fig. 1. Asterolecanium viridulum Ckll.: A. lateral marginal paired and single gland pores of adult female at the point where the two change from double to single, X427; B. cephalic marginal paired and single gland pores of adult female, X427; C. apex of body of adult female, X223; D. young larva from the dorsum, X223; E. antenna of larva, X427; F. leg of larva, X427. Fig. 2. Icerya minima, n. sp.: A. antenna of adult female, X11U; B. leg of adult female, XI 10; C. apex of antenna of adult female showing the two terminal segments only partially separated, XI 10; D. thoracic spiracle of adult female, X427; E. abdominal spiracle of adult female, X427; F. ventral cicatrices of adult female, X110; G. portion of same showing areolation, X427; H. portion of ven- tral ovisac-secreting band of adult female showing pores and peculiar hairs, X223; I. largest marginal seta of adult female, X223; J. leg of young larva, XI 10; K. antenna of young larva. XI 10; L. apex of abdomen of young larva from dorsum, XI 10; M . disk gland pores of adult female, X427. Fig. 3. Ceroplastodes misiones, n. sp., all drawings from adult female: A. eight-segmented antenna, X110; B. seven-segmented antenna, XI 10; C. leg, XI 10; D. anal plates from dorsum showing dorsal setae (solid) and ventral setae (broken), X223; E. body margin showing marginal and spiracular spines, X223; F. submarginal tubercle, X427; G. ventral multiocular disk gland pores, the smaller, from the spiracular group, the larger from the anal plate region, X427. Plate 7. Fig. 1. Saissetia argentina, 11. sp., all figures from adult female : A. antenna, X427; B. leg, X427; C. surface view of spiracle, X223; D. anal plates from dorsum showing dorsal setae (solid) and ventral setea (broken), X223; E. anal ring, X427; F. margin of body with mar- ginal and spiracular spines, X427; G. section of dorsal derm from center to lateral margin of body showing dorsal pores and relative PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 91 size and arrangement of derm pores, X33; H. dorsal derm, showing relative size and arrangement of derm pores in anal plate region, X110. Fig. 2. Ceroplastes deciduosus, n. sp., all drawings from adult but not fully- developed female: A. antenna, X223; leg, X223; C. anal plates and ring from dorsum, showing dorsal setae (solid) and ventral setae (broken), X223; D. spiracular spine group, X223; E. spiracle X223; F. dorsal pores and a spine, X427; G. chitinized anal plate cone as flattened on slide, X33. DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF BUPRESTIDAE FROM ARIZONA (COL.). BY W. S. FISHER, Bureau of Entomology. TRIBE ACMAEODERINI. (Julodini Lee. and Horn, not Lacordaire.) The classification used below is to a large measure based upon that proposed by Kerremans although alterations have been made to suit our fauna, and the tribe name has been changed in accordance with our established rules of nomenclature. For this tribe Kerremans used the name Polycesiini, based on the genus Polyccsta described by Solier in 1833, but as Aanaeodera was described by Eschscholtz in 1829, the tribe must take its name from the latter genus, and in fact, Kerremans used this name in his earlier works. Key to the Nortli American genera. 1 . Tarsal claws simple Polycestti Sol. Tarsal claws toothed 2 2 . Scutellum visible 3 Scutellum not visible Acmaeodera Esch. 3 . Metasternal episterna covered by elytra 4 Metasternal episterna not covered by elytra Chrysophnnu Lee. 4 . Tarsal claws deeply toothed Ptosima Sol. Tarsal claws with inconspicuous tooth at base ."> 5. Tarsi cordiform (South American.) Tyiidaris Thorns. Tarsi slender, not cordiform Paralyiidaris Fisher. Thomson in describing the genus Tyndaris says that the tarsal claws are simple, but this was probably due to the fact, that he was comparing it with the genus Ptosima, which has the claws deeply toothed, but Kerremans corrects this statement in his Monograph, and says that the claws are lobed at the base. L,e Conte and Horn, and Kerremans places Chrysophana among the genera with simple claws, but Kerremans probably has not seen any specimens of ( 'hyrsophana, as the tarsal claws are almost 92 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 identical with Tyndaris which he places in the group with toothed claws. In speaking of Chrysophana as having simple claws, we cannot use it in the same sense as it is used in Polycesta, so it is better to place it among those which have the claws toothed. Since the name Tyndaris has been used for our North American species, it is included in the above table for comparison. Paratyndaris, new genus. Form rather robust, cylindrical, narrower posteriorly. Head convex; clypeus deeply triangularly emarginate at middle; antennal cavities very small, situated in the lateral lobes of the clypeus near the eyes. Antennae very slender and not reaching to the middle of the prothorax, serrate from the sixth or seventh joint ; first two joints more robust than the following ; eleventh joint ovate. Prothorax a little wider than long, convex, sides moderately arcuate. Eyes large, elliptical. Scutellum small, slightly oblong. Elytra gradually narrowed posteriorly, shorter than the abdomen; apices separately rounded and quadridentate; lateral margins suddenly inflated towards the humeral angles and covering the metasternal episterna. Prosternum with the anterior margin only slightly concave. Last abdominal segment triangular, longer than the elytra, terminating into a spine which is visible from above. Tarsi shorter than tibiae; joints slender, first joint as long as the following two joints united. Tarsal claws with an inconspicuous tooth near base. Genotype. -Tyndaris olneyae Skinner. This genus is erected for the North American species which have been placed in the genus Tyndaris Thorns., but which are not congeneric with the species of that genus from South America. Besides the type, the following species are included: Tyndaris cincta Horn, T. prosopis Skinner, T. chamaeleonis Skinner, T. barberi Skinner, and Paratyndaris coursetiae Fisher. The genus is allied to Tyndaris Thorns., but differs from it by the the following characters : Form more cylindrical, antennae more slender and the joints serrate from the sixth or seventh joint, while in Tyndaris they commence at the fifth joint. Prothorax not twice as wide as long, tarsal joints not cordiform, and the abdomen, which is longer than the elytra, terminating into a spine and is visible from above. The species of Paratyndaris are also more densely punctured and clothed with silvery pub- escence. In general form Tyndaris resembles the genus Ac- maeodera while Paratyndaris is more closely allied to Ptosima. In 1857 Thomson (Arch. Entom. I, p. 1(38) founded the genus Tyndaris on Ptosima planata Cast, and Gory from Chile. Horn (1885, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XII, p. 147) described cincta, the first North American species and placed it in this genus and Skinner (190.3, Ent. News, XIV, pp. 2.30-239) described four PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 93 more species and figured all the North American forms. In 1907, Kerremans (Mon. Bupr. Tome II, pp. 556-5(59) placed the four South American species together with the five species from North American under the genus Tyndaris, but since Kerremans never saw any of the North American species, it is easily explained why he placed these two forms together under the same genus. Paratyndaris coursetiae, new species. Male. Form robust, cylindrical, narrower posteriorly, black, clothed with silvery pubescence. Head convex, surface shining, slightly aeneous, coarsely punctured and clothed with recumbent silvery pubescence. Antennae slender, black, very short, and not reaching to the middle of the prothorax, serrate from the seventh joint. Scutellum small, slightly oblong. Prothorax a little wider than long; sides moderately arcuate, broadest a little before the middle, narrowing gradually towards the base; hind angles rectangular; front angles broadly rounded ; disc convex, surface shining, densely punctured and clothed with recumbent silvery pubescence; without a median depressed line, but with trace of a smooth spot at base, just in front of scutellum. Elytra at base, as wide as prothorax, gradually narrower posteriorly, black, each elytron with an oblong red spot on lateral margin about one-third of the distance from prothorax to apex, clothed with recumbent silvery pubescence, giving it a cinereous appearance; apices separately rounded and quadridentate; disc moderately convex, irregularly striate, striae punctate, intervals narrow and rugose. Beneath coarsely punctured and clothed with recumbent silvery pubescence. Third abdominal segment at middle with a large widely rounded lobe on the posterior margin, which is densely, very finely punctured and entirely denuded of pubescence. This lobe projects over the fourth segment, reaching nearly to the median part and may be a secondary sexual character. Legs black, with a slight violaceous lustre. Length 5.5 mm.; width 2 mm. Habitat. Tucker Canyon, vSanta Catalina Mts., Arizona. F. C. Craighead and Geo. Hofer Collectors. Type Cat. No. 22097 U. S. Nat. Mus. Described from a single male specimen recorded under Bureau of Entomology No. Hopk. U. S. KJGoOz and reared July 17, 1918, from pupae collected by Messrs. Craighead and Hofer on June 20, 1918 in dead stems of a legume (Coursetia microphylla.) The species resembles olneyae and is closely allied to it, but differs from it, and the allied species, cincta and prosopis, in the absence of the linear median thoracic depression. From barberi and chamaeleonis it can be easily distinguished by the markings of the elytra and also by the intervals of the elytra being very narrow, irregular and rugose. 94 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 ON SOME GENERIC SYNONOMY IN THE FAMILY GELECHIIDAE (LEP.). BY AUGUST BUSCK. Platyedra Meyrick; Pectinophora Busck. The genus Platyedra Meyrick was erected in 1895 (Handbook British Lepidoptera, p. 605) for the single European species vilella Zeller, which consequently is the type of the genus. The genus was separated from Gelechia on two characters only ; namely the parallel vein 5 in the hindwing and the flattened abdomen. The species malvella Hiibner, was considered in the handbook two pages before and w r as included in Gelechia. Recently (Exotic Microlepidotera vol. II, p. 136, 191S) Meyrick has included in the genus Platyedra, the so-called Pink Boll Worm of Cotton, gossypiella Saunders, and malvella Hiibner, with the remark that: "the best distinguishing character of the genus Platyedra from Gelechia is the possession of a distinct pecten on basal joint of the antennae" a character not even mentioned in the description of Plaiyedra. The genus Pectinophora Busck, was, as indicated in the name, erected mainly on this character, which is very rare in the family Gelechiidae, with gossypiella Saunders, as type and including malvella Hiibner. Several other pterogostic, larval and pupal characters were given (Journ. Agri. Research, vol. 9, p. 346, 1917). If Meyrick is correct in referring gossypiella and malvella to Platyedra (and the writer is a priori inclined to accept any deliberate conclusion of his eminent friend), then Pectinophora must of course sink as a synonym of Platyedra. If so I believe Mr. Meyrick will be the first to admit, that the synonomy is due to his insufficient characterization of his genus Platyedra and no great harm will have been done; a good synonym, which adds to our knowledge, is rather an asset than otherwise. But the actual proof of this synonomy should in my judg- ment be awaited, before it is accepted and the name Pectinophora discarded. Pectinophora was erected and described very fully not only on the adult characters but on several important and prominent larval and pupal characters and until it is ascertained that the type of Platyedra, vilella Zeller, possesses these characters, the making of the synonomy is a little previous and may have to be upset again. If for example it should be found that the pupa of Platyedra is smooth and seta-bearing and not with the pubescence, characteristic of Pectinophora, or if it should differ in any other of the important characters given for Pectinophora, it would certainly indicate that the two genera arc distinct in spite of superficial adult resemblances. In other words we utv PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, XO. 4, APR., IQIQ 95 absolutely sure that gossypiella is a Pectinophora, but we can as yet only strongly suspect that it is a Platyedra. Unfortunately no specimens of either stage of I'ilclla are at present available in United States, but our European colleagues should be in position this coming season to settle this question definitely and if the synonomy is proven, it will of course be adopted at once. Until then I should advise that the name Pectinophora be retained for gossypiella, especially in America, where this generic name has entered so deeply into the economic literature and even into our laws and courts. Anacampsis Curtis; Compsolechia Meyrick. In (Exotic Microlepidoptera vol, ii, p. 137-138) 1918, Meyrick has divided the well known cosmopolitan genus Anacampsis Curtis (type : populella Clerck) by the erection of the genus Com- psolechia (type: diortha Meyrick) which he states: "includes all those numerous South American species hitherto referred to Anacampsis and also such North American forms as agrimoniella, Inpinella, niveopuhella, and rhoifructella; it is distinguished by the smooth palpi, cubital pecten and hardly sinuate termen of hindwings and is undoubtedly natural and well defined." The name Anacampsis Meyrick applies to the genus Agriastsi Meyrick, "since the type, populella, possesses the characteristic structure: scales of second joint palpi roughly expanded above, slight but appreciable tufts of fore wings, cubital pecten and hardly sinuate termen of hindwings." The only characters, which Meyrick gives and is able to give to distinguish his Compsolechia from Anacampsis are the smooth second labial joint against the roughly expanded scales above and the smooth forewings against the slight but appreciable tufts in Anacampsis. Both of these characters are untenable and vary in otherwise closely allied species. Attempts toward a roughened upper edge of the palpi are found in most of the smoothly scaled species of the genus, and it depends merely on the length of the scales, whether they protrude and become "rough" or not; tendency to raised scales on the wings is also common in the genus and all gradations are found from the quite smooth wings of agrimoniella Clemens, to the very rough panamanian A. phytomiella Busck. Differences of opinion as to the generic value of these characters are of course dependable, but the impossibility of this generic division is made apparent by Meyrick's concluding remarks. After including the North American inocitlclla Zeller in Ana- campsis together with populella Clerck, of Europe against niveo- pnlvella Chambers, and rhoifructella Chambers, which he places 96 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 in Compsolechia he adds: "undoubtedly populella and inocuella are closely allied to the niveopulvella and rhoifructella group, constituting the true phylogenetic connection between the two genera, but they are quite clearly distinguishable by structure." Large series, carefully bred from Populus both in eastern and western United States have proven that niveopulvella is merely a color variety of inocuella, exactly corresponding to the color variations of populella, in Europe. It is in fact very doubtful whether the American form can be separated specifically from the European species; the male genitalia are identical, while other closely allied species of the genus have very distinct specific differences in these organs, and the somewhat larger size of the average American specimen may well be due to the warmer climate; specimens as small as any of the European are common especially from the North West. We have thus the old joke realized of having one species be- longing in two genera. The genus Anacampsis Curtis, should be retained in its usually accepted entity with Compsolechia Meyrick, and Agriastis Mey- rick, as synonyms. Stomopteryx Heinemann; Aproaerema Durrant. The genus Aproaerema Durrant, was erected with anthyllidella Hiibner, as type [(Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 33, p. 221, 1897), Schutzeia Spuler (Schmett, Eur. vol. II, p. 373, 1910) with the same type, is a synonym)]. The genus Stomopteryx Heinemann, was a monotypical genus (type: detersella Zeller), (Schmett, Deutchlands, vol. II, p. 324, 1870). Heinemann expressly separated it from the anthyllidella group and the genus has been so separated by all subsequent workers until Meyrick in the discussion of Anacampsis without any explanation or proof asserts that the name Stomopteryx Heinemann, is available for the anthyllidella group, superseding Aproaerema Durrant (Exotic. Microlepidoptera, vol. II, p. 138, 1918). Here again different opinions may of course be maintained on the value of characters for generic separation and Meyrick may have intermediate forms which will excuse such generic lumping, but in the absence of any reason given, the two genera should not be merged by a mere assertion, clearly separable as they are on the form and venation of the hindwings, as well as in general appearance. Actual Date of Publication, May 2, ipl t\' v, wedge; /j. v i a, fly. Belongs in subfamily Phaoniinae (sixth vein not reaching margin of wing, scutellum bare below, hind calypter projecting widely behind front one) in which it is one of the genera. Head as in Limiiophora except in having in the female a sharply-defined, long wedge-shaped frontal triangle which reaches to the lunule and is highly polished throughout; orbits dull, antennae, palpi and proboscis of ordinary form; arista bare (at 20 di- ameters), third antennal joint not twice the second, not quite reaching the vibrissae, which are at oral margin. Prealar and anterior acrostichal bristles lacking; dorsocentrals 4-2; sternopleurals 1-1; notopleurals 2; humeral 2; intrahumeral 1; posthumeral (presutural) 1; intra-alar 2; postalar 2; supra- alar 1 ; scutellar 2 pairs (female) ; pteropleura and hypopleura bare. Abdomen without trace of paired spots, the female genital segment as in Hebecnema (Xenaricia Malloch). Legs weakly bristled, as in Hebecnema, hind coxae bare behind. Wing as in Hebecnema, except for the half-dozen hairs above and the same below, on basal part of third vein. Type species, kincaidi, described below. Sphenomyia kincaidi, new species. Wholly black except bases of halteres, which are brown, and calypters, which are white; Parafacials in profile above as wide as third antennal joint. PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, XO. 5, MAY, 1919 109 silvery pollinose shading to gray on bucca and changing suddenly to brown just about the insertion of the antennae; bucca one-sixth eyeheight; orbitals six, ocellars and verticals strong; eyes bare. Thorax subshining, halteres including most of stem black. Abdomen oval, shining black with a slight satiny sheen, weakly bristled, terminal segment without jointed appendages, but with a few curved spines ventrally at apex. Wing subhyaline, fourth vein straight, its last segment I 1 /* times the preceding, costal spine small, hind crossvein straight. Legs black; front tibia with no bristles except at tip; mid tibia with two on outer hind side; hind tibia with two on outer flexor, two on outer extensor, and one small at middle on extensor, which might almost be called the calcar, but is of insignificant size. Length 4.1 mm. Type, female, collected at Fox Point, Alaska, by Professor Trevor Kincaid, on July 28, 1899, when he was on the Harriman Alaska Expedition. Type No. 22170, U. S. N. M. A NEW SPECIES OF BUCCULATRIX INJURIOUS TO HOLLYHOCK (LEP.). BY AUGUST BUSCK. Bucculatrix althaeae, new species. Face white, in some specimens suffused with light fuscous. Tuft on head light straw-colored mixed with darker yellowish brown hairs. Eyecaps straw- colored, suffused with light brown. Antennae light ochreous with black annulations. Thorax straw-yellow with deep ocher-yellow scales laterally and in the center and with dark fuscous posterior margin. Ground color of the forewings white, strongly suffused with yellow, ochreous and blackish brown scales; four large illdefined costal patches of yellow, heavily mottled with reddish brown; one covering the base of the wing, the second at basal third, the third at apical third and the fourth just before apex; these costal patches are vaguely continued across the wing as illdefined fasciae with the white ground color showing between them as three narrow outwardly oblique costal streaks; on the middle of dorsum just within the edge is a large tuft of black-tipped raised scales. Cilia yellowish with a broken black transverse line. Hindwings and cilia dark fuscous. Abdomen yellowish fuscous with light yellow anal tuft. Legs dark brown with narrow yellow tarsal annula- tions. Alar expanse 910 mm. Habitat: Standford University, California (Miss Isabel Mc- Cracken); Ventura, California (S. H. Essig). Foodplant : Hollyhock. Type U. S. N. M. Cat. No. 22195. The species is close to B. quadrigemina Braun, but considerably !10 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 5, MAY, 1919 larger. As I did not know this species except from description I sent Miss Braun specimens of the present species for com- parison and she was good enough to give me the following notes: "Quadrigemina is much smaller and paler in color; the second costal patch is relatively a little larger than in althaeae and the dorsal patch of raised scales is slightly more posterior. In spite of the almost identical position and extent of the markings the t\vo do not look alike and I believe they are distinct species." Caterpillar. The free feeding mature caterpillar is 6 mm. long. Head light yellow with black continuous eyespots. Thoracic shield light gray with numerous (20) small black dots. Body light gray with darker gray transverse band across each joint, on which the large whitish tubercles stand out prominently. Setae blackish. Legs gray with two transverse darker lines and with last joint yellow. Abdominal legs well developed, normal in number, each with two posterior and one anterior crotchet. Anal legs with but one crotchet. Cocoon a mm. long, white, with a yellowish tint, loosely woven with but slight indicated longitudinal ridges. The species appears to be doing considerable damage to Holly- hock in California, skeletonizing the leaves, As Hollyhock is not a native plant, the normal foodplant of this Bucculalrix will probably be found to be some other malvaceous plant. NOTES ON THE INSECT FAUNA OF BANK SWALLOWS' NESTS IN VIRGINIA. BY T. E. SNYDER AND R. C. SHANNON, Bureau of Entomology. The waters and banks of the beautiful and historic Potomac River in the vicinity of Washington will be long remembered by those who have explored them for wild plant or animal life. The brightest and most cheerful denizens of the wooded shores of the river are the great variety of beautiful song birds. On the stretch of river extending between Georgetown and Chain Bridge one of the most noticeable and companionable of these birds is the bank swallow (Riparia riparia (Linn.) Sharp and Wyatt). This cosmopolitan bird excavates primitive nests in the soil of the hillsides of the Virginia shore where the trap rock has been quarried, leaving steep, rocky bluffs. The bird is not at all shy and often flies near boats. During the spring, summer and autumn these twittering swallows are constantly on the wing from dawn until night, gracefully skimming over the surface of the water in search of insects which they catch while flying. The horizontal rows of openings to the primitive nests may be PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 5, MAY, IQIQ 111 plainly seen from the river about 05 feet below. The birds are gregarious and many nests are close together just below the crest of the bluff where the sandy soil cover of the rock has been exposed by the blasting out of the hillsides. The holes are out of reach of one on the crest of the bluff and extend about one foot nearly horizontally into the hill. The openings are just large enough to admit the mature bird. The nest material consists of feathers (chicken), soft straw, oak and chestnut catkins, etc. It was thought that these nests might contain an insect fauna of interest, so early in June, 1916, one of the writers, after being lowered over the bluff on a rope, explored them. The commonest insect in the nests is a Staphylinid beetle determined by Dr. A. Fenyes as Microglotta n. sp. A species in this same genus occurs in nests of this swallow in Europe. The insect is probably predaceous on other insects occurring in the nests. Both larvae and adults were found, not only in the nest material but also in and on the soil beneath. The Danish entomologist, E. C. Rosenburg, in 1913, published an interesting paper 1 in which are included many notes on the beetle fauna of the nests of various animals. Dr. A. Boving has kindly referred us to this article and has translated some of the notes. The bank swallow "Digesvalens" (-- H. riparia) occurs in Denmark and in its nests the Staphylinid beetle Microglossa nidicolla Fairm. is very common. On July 9, larvae were found in numbers. In a gravel-pit near Ravneholm in November, 4 specimens of a variety of this beetle with black wings were found in the nest of this bird. Microglossa pulla Gyll. has been found in birds' nests in hollow trees. Some specimens of Microglossa marginalis Gyll. ( = = rufi- pennis Kr., Heer) were found in a bird's nest in a hollow tree (Alnus). Among the many interesting records of the beetle fauna of nests of other animals are notes of the occurrence of species in fox burrows, the nests of moles and mice, wasps' and bees' nests, and in the burrows of the wood-boring larvae of a moth (Cossus). The works of previous writers on the beetle fauna of the nests of mammals and birds are referred to by Rosenburg. Larvae, cocoons and adults of a flea, tentatively determined by F. C. Bishopp as Ceratophyllus sp., come next in order of abund- ance. The active larvae crawl through the nest material but 1 Rosenburg, E. C. ("Contribution to the knowledge of the biology, nirtamorphosis, and taxonomy of beetles, III.") "Kntomologiske Med- delelser," vol. 10, p. 37, Copenhagen, I'.M.'l. 112 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 5, MAY, 1919 also occur in the soil beneath. The dark colored, oval, oblong cocoons spun by the larvae, to which particles of sand and dust are attached, were sifted from the nest material and from sand; mature larvae were in the cocoons early in June and on June 2s, 1910. These numerous fleas must be very troublesome to both old and young birds. This flea is closely related to Ceratophyllus gallinae, but apparently is distinct. Lepidopterous larvae were found in the feathers of the nest material but were not common. They were determined by C. Heinrich as a species of the family Tineidae. These larvae feed on the feathers. Hymenopterous parasites were reared from the nest material ; probably they were parasitic on the Lepidopterous larvae. On the nearly mature nestlings parasitic Mallophaga were found to be common. The species is Menopon dissimile Kellogg, according to J. H. Paine. This parasite also occurs on the purple martin (Progne sub-is), a bird which probably once nested in holes in cliffs. The Mallophaga may be more easily located on the outstretched wings of the birds; they rapidly retreat to the base of the feathers when exposed. Adults of the Staphylinid beetle were found flying about the entrance to the swallows' nests at 6 P.M. on July 11, 1916. On June 22, 1918, the swallows' nests were again visited. Larvae of the Staphylinid Micro glotta and larvae and cocoons of the flea Ceratophyllus were common. H. S. Barber on a later trip June 27, 1918, with T. E. Snyder, found the young of an antlion, which he believes to be Dendroleon sp., on the soil beneath nest material. The young had not dug a pit but was free, being covered, however, with debris and dried bodies of its prey. It is undoubtedly predaceous on other insect life in the nests. At this date most of the birds were able to fly and had left the nests. In order to know in what conditions the nests were in the winter, on December 23, 1918 a. bright warm day the nests were visited. One living adult flea was the only insect found in the nests which the birds had abandoned in the autumn. Flea cocoons found were all empty. The nest material and the soil beneath were carefully sifted, the ground not being frozen. NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF ICHNEUMON FLIES (HYM.). BY R. A. CUSHMAN, Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. This paper contains the descriptions of three new genera, three new species, and a new variety of Ichneumonidae and one new species of Braconidae. PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 5, MAY, 1919 11.'! Genus Derocentrus, new genus. * Runs in Ashmead's key to Nematopodius and is probably what he used in the construction of his key to the Mesostcnini; but is conspicuously different from the genotype, Nematopodius for- mosns Gravenhorst. The ovipositor is much longer than the body; the first tergite not parallel-sided, but has the postpetiole much broader and higher than the petiole and the spiracle much behind the middle; and the other tergites broad, not long and narrow. Also the antennal annulus embraces flagellar joints 6-9, not 15-16 as in formosus; the front coxae normal, without a transverse ridge on the outside; the pronotum short medially; the propodeum not extending beyond the base of the coxae, the basal carina strongly angulate medially; the second joint of hind trochanters nearly twice as long as first joint. In all the species referable here the entire insect is without contrastingly colored maculation except more or less blackish stains principally in the alar region, and the head and thorax are sculptured. The following generic description is based entirely on the female, the male being unknown. Slender, with legs and antennae long and slender, abdomen clavate, ovi- positor much longer than body. Head transverse; temples strongly convex, much narrower than eyes; frons deeply concave ; eyes large, subparallel within; face with oblique impression each side of middle; clypeus broad, convex, broadly subtruncate; labrum exserted; teeth of mandibles of equal length; malar space nearly as long as basal width of mandible; thorax shining, punc- tured; notauli deep, meeting on disk of mesoscutum; propodeum subconcave behind, basal carina strong, strongly angulate medially; basal area small quadrate; apical carina distinct laterally, obsolete to wanting medially as is also that portion of median longitudinal carina lying between the trans- verse carinae; wings long, stigma narrow lanceolate; areolet very small, much longer than wide, second intercubitus incomplete; second recurrent slightly antefurcal with respect to the second intercubitus; legs very slender; hind trochanters half as long as femur, second joint cylindrical and nearly twice as long as first ; basitarsus as long as other joints combined, apical joint shorter than third ; abdomen long, clavate, polished; first tergite completely fused with sternite, spiracles at apical two-fifths; postpetiole slightly wider than petiole; second tergite subsequal in length to first, constricted at base, much wider at apex; other tergites barely half as long as second, broader than long; ovipositor nearly or quite twice as long as body; lanceolate at apex. Uniform ferruginous with more or less black in alar region, antennae black, ferruginous at base, with an incomplete white annulus embracing more or less of flagellar joints 6-9; wings suffused with brownish. Type. (( 'olcoccntrns) Xcmatopoilins ic\\iuus (Ashmead). 114 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 5, MAY, 1919 Derocentrus texanus (Ashmead). Mesostenus longicaudis Cresson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, 1872, p. 164, (not Brulle). Coleocentrus texanus Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 12, 1890, p. 444. Mesostenus macrunis Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., vol. 3, 1901-1902, p. 544. (New name for longicaudis Cresson, not Brulle.) Nematopodius exclamans Viereck, Trans. Kans. Ac. Sci., vol. 19, 1904. p. 318. Nematopodius longicaudus Viereck, loc. cit., p. 318. Careful comparison of fourteen specimens from Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, Kansas, Maryland, and Virginia, including Cresson's type, Ashmead's paratype, and a homotype (Gahan) of Viereck's specimen discloses no differences of specific value. There is considerable variation in the propodeal carinae, the sides of the areola and the median portion of the apical carina being weakly developed or absent; and the black color of the thorax is as described by Viereck to entirely absent. Ashmead's type has disappeared unless, as I suspect, it is the same specimen as Cresson's type. Derocentrus gracilipes (Cresson). Mesostenus gracilipes Cresson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1878, p. 36o. Nematopodius gracilipes Viereck, Trans. Kans. Ac. Sci., vol. 19, 1904, p. 3 is. There is nothing in the description of this species to distinguish it from texanus (Ashmead), and no specimen is available for com- parison. Genus Cyrtobasis, new genus. In Foerster's, Ashmead's, and Schmiedeknecht's keys to Hemitelini runs to Naetes Foerster, but the type is apparently not congeneric with the genotype of Naetes and only included species, Naetes rufus Brischke, differing structurally from the original description of that species as follows: propodeum with posterior face concave, the bounding carina very high and angulate on each side, median longitudinal carina lacking except at base, the areola open at the sides; first tergite with strong dorsal carinae; ovipositor not nearly as long as abdomen. Certain of the color characters mentioned by Brischke which I believe to be of generic value are also lacking in the present genus: antennae not annulated; wings not fasciate. Body robust, densely, coarsely sculptured; head strongly transverse, temples flat and narrow; vertex broad, ocelli in a very low triangle ; eyes parallel within ; face broad, convex, with a median rounded elevation; cylpeus barely distinct from face, broadly truncate; mandibles short, stout, and with very small teeth; malar space long; checks convex; antennae nearly as long as body, somewhat thickened beyond middle and tapering to the apex; first two joints PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, XO. 5, MAY, 1919 1 1 ."i of flagellum about three times as long as broad, subequal in length, other joints gradually shorter to apex; notauli shallow but distinct; sternauli deep but ending abruptly in middle of pleura; scutellum slightly convex, immar- gined; propodeum declivous concave behind with prominent laterial angles, basal median area large, nearly as long as areola, areola hexagonal in position but open laterally, though sometimes adventitiously closed by the longi- tudinal rugosity, median longitudinal carinae also lacking behind apical carina; areolation otherwise complete; spiracles small, round, legs slender; stigma narrow, lanceolate, radius slightly before middle; second intercubitus entirely lacking; third discoidal cell very broad at base; nervulus very oblique, strongly recurved below middle ; nervellus strongly antefurcal, sharply broken below middle; first tergite evenly widening from base to apex, not separated into petiole and postpetiole, slightly decurved and strongly arched, almost swollen, above, with strong converging dorsal carinae extending nearly to apex, lateral carinae distinct from base to apex; middle tergites strongly transverse, subcallose apically; ovipositor short, the sheath subclavate. Type. Cyrtobasis rogae, new species. Cyrtobasis rogae, new species. Female. Length 8 mm. antennae 6.5 mm., ovipositor 1.25 mm. Head opaque; temples and cheeks polished, sparsely punctured; vertex behind ocelli arcuately rugose; frons above obliquely and below transversely rugose; face finely, densely punctate and pilose; malar space somewhat longer than basal width of mandible; thorax opaque; pronotum and meso- pleura partly polished; pronotum rugoso-punctate ; mesoscutum minutely punctato-shagreened, rugose in region of notauli; scutellum punctate; meso- pleura and sternum densely punctate, more or less rugosely so around margins; metapleura and propodeum densely punctate, basal area polished; abdomen densely, coarsely punctate; first tergite nearly as wide at apex as long, polished between dorsal carinae and at apex, striate at sides; other tergites polished at apex ; second a little more than half as long as wide and with a very shallow broad transverse impression beyond middle, others progressively shorter; ovipositor about as long as first tergite. Black; mandibles rufous; palpi, front coxae trochanters, apical external spot on front femur, apical joint of middle trochanter, anterior dorsal margin of pronotum, tegulae, and wing-bases white; hind tibiae at apex and their tarsi black; legs otherwise testaceous; wings hyaline, venation blackish; tergites narrowly piceous at apex; sheath black. Host. Rogas spp. Type-locality. Flagstaff Mt., Boulder, Colorado. Other localities. Riley County, Kansas, and Lake Forest, Illinois. Type. Cat. No. HUTU, U. S. X. M. Described from three females; the type reared from a Rogas 116 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 5, MAY, 1919 cocoon, March, 1910, by T. D. A. Cockerell; paratype a reared from a Rogas cocoon, April 17, by E. A. Popenoe; and paratype b from Lake Forest, Illinois, August 4, 1899, and bearing the label "Ceph. occ." (Cephus occidentalism). Both paratypes are prac- tically like the type. The two paratypes are labelled in Ash- mead's hand as belonging to his genus Neopimpla, the unde- scribed type of which was from South Africa. If arbitrarily placed in the Ichneumonini the species will run by default to Neopimpla, but to me it has neither the characters nor the general appearance of the Ichneumonini, but is distinctly Cryptine. Genus Atopognathus, new genus. In existing keys this very peculiar genus can run nowhere except to the Mesoleptini, where, in venational, body, and, leg characters, it is very similar to Ecbylus Holmgren as represented especially by pleuralis (Provancher) and perennis Davis, both of which differ from the genotype, Eclytus ornatus Holmgren, in lacking the second intercubitus. But the head is much more like that oilschnopsidea Viereck (== Ischnus Authors, not Graven - horst), Heterischnus Wesmael, and Oronotus Wesmael. In short, it apparently stands between the Phaeogenini and the Mesoleptini as now constituted. In the Phaeogenini, because of the obtuse abdomen and upcurved ovipositor, it agrees best with Heter- ischnus, but the abdomen is really very different in form, the antennae are much longer, and it differs in many other respects from specimens of Heterischnus rnfipcs Wesmael as determined by Schmiedeknecht. For the present, in view of its closer agreement with the Mesoleptini on the characters usually used in keys, it seems better to assign Atopognathus to that tribe, in spite of the very anomalous mandibles. Head broad behind eyes; eyes slightly convergent below; clypeus sube- marginately truncate at apex, subconvex, separated from the face by a shallow groove; mandibles sickle-shaped, edentate at apex, but with a large, strong tooth on inner margin; antennae filiform, about as long as body, flagellum about 25-jointed, basal joints several times longer than thick, the joints gradually decreasing in length until near the apex they are only about twice as long as thick, female with a white annulus embracing joints 9-12; thorax nearly as in Eclytus Holmgren; notauli and sternauli distinct; scutellum elevated; propodeum completely areolated, the areola broad: venation as in Eclytus except that the second intercubitus is lacking and radius originates beyond middle of stigma; legs as in Eclytus with basal joint of front trochanters and basitarsus of all legs very long, the latter nearly or quite as long as other joints combined, tibial spurs small; abdomen similar to that of Eclytus but first tergite narrower, slightly decurved, and with the spiracles strongly PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 5, MAY, 1919 tuberculate, situated at about the middle; tergites beyond fifth in female, sixth in male, scarcely visible; hypopygidium in female reaching to apex of abdomen; ovipositor exserted, slightly upcurved; male genital sheaths exserted, narrow. Type. Atopognathus collaris, new species, described below. Atopognathus collaris, new species. Female. Length 5.5 mm.; antennae 5 mm. Head and thorax clothed with rather dense white pubescence; head polished, face and clypeus very minutely punctate ; eyes about as long as their distance apart at the antennae ; malar space about as long as basal width of mandible ; thorax polished but so densely pubescent that it appears opaque; notauli crenulate; propodeum polished; petiolar area about as long a rest of dorsal surface; areola about two-thirds as broad as long, costulae very close to base; abdomen polished; first tergite comprising about one-third total length,, about twice as wide at apex as at base, postpetiole obscurely striate and medially canaliculate, spiracles slightly behind middle; second tergite slightly shorter than first; third, two-thirds as long as second; others very short. Black; clypeus rufous; mandibles stramineous, the teeth blackish; palpi stramineous; antennae rufous at base, otherwise blackish with annulus white; prothorax and tegulae rufous; wings hyaline, venation brown; legs testaceous, front and middle trochanters and tibiae stramineous; hind tibiae FIG. I Atopognathus collaris CUSHMAN. a 'Front wing, b Side view of abdomen, c Dorsal view of first and second tergites. d Front view of head. 118 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 5, MAY, 1919 infuscate basally and apically, their tarsi fuscous; abdomen piceous, tergites narrowly reddish apically. Male. Length 4.5 mm.; antennae 4.5 mm. Differs from female in practically no way except in sexual characters. Type-locality. Rosslyn, Virginia. Other localities. Georgetown, D. C., and Coleta, Alabama. Type. Cat. No. 19178, U. S. N. M. Described from two females from Rosslyn, Virginia, one male from Georgetown, D. C., and one male from Coleta, Alabama, all collected by H. H. Smith. The paratypes are very like the type and allotype, but slightly larger in each sex. Labrossyta ruficoxalis, new species. Differs from frontosa Davis most conspicuously in having the hind coxae testaceous instead of black. Female. Length 6 mm., antennae 5 mm. Head transverse, broad and strongly convex behind the eyes, subopaque shagreened; face sparsely, finely punctate, nearly twice as wide as long; clypeus about twice as broad as long, convex with a small impression on each side at apex, broadly germinate; malar space half as long as basal width of man- dible; eyes slightly convergent below, about as long as width of face, slightly sinuate opposite antennae; diameter of ocellus less than length of postocellar line, latter equal to ocell-ocular line; scape thick, scarcely oblique at apex; flagellum slightly attenuate at base and apex, first joint a half longer than second, joints beyond middle a third longer than thick; thorax laterally subopaque shagreened and sparsely punctate, mesopleura more or less striate above; mesocutum subpolished and more distinctly punctate; notauli ob- soletely impressed anteriorly; propodeum short, declivous behind, opaque, without carinae except the obsolete lateral longitudinal, distinctly separated from metapleura, spiracles small round; stigma narrow lanceolate, radius far before middle ; radial cell measured on metacarpus equal in length to stigma ; areolet oblique subtriangular, subsessile; nervulus postfurcal; nervellus slightly inclivous, broken slightly below middle; legs long, slender, hind tibia as long as femur and trochanter together, basitarsus nearly as long as rest of tarsus, longer calcarium nearly half as long as basitarsus; abdomen stout, compressed at extreme apex, opaque basally, polished apically; first tergite a half longer than wide at apex, sides nearly straight, with a median longitudinal impression, dorsal carinae strong at base, lateral carinae distinct to spiracles, latter in middle; second and third tergites subequal in length; tergites beyond fifth retracted. Black; abdomen, except first tergite, rufous; legs largely testaceous; face at sides, clypeus, mandibles, palpi, spots at origins of notauli, tegulae, humeral and ventral angles of pronotum, spot below tegula, and posterior margin of mesopleura yellow; antennae brown above, reddish below; scutellum PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 5, MAY, 1919 119 piceous medially; first tergite reddish piceous at apex and sides; hind tibia yellow, broadly fuscous at apex, calcaria yellow; hind tarsus fuscous, paler at apex; wings hyaline, venation brown. Host. Spruce sawfly. Type-locality. Aweme, Manitoba. Type. Cat. No. 22202, U. S. N. M. Described from two females reared May 31 and June 1, 1915, by N. Criddle. The paratype has the yellow color much more extensive, in- cluding two broad longitudinal stripes on the face coalescing laterally with the orbital marks, malar space and cheeks, and most of propleura; scutellar spot also yellow. Hyposoter fugitivus variety pacificus, new variety. Differs constantly from the typical fugitivus in color as fol- lows : Female. Legs darker testaceous, almost brown, front coxae arid front and middle trochanters testaceous instead of white; femora only very ob- scurely tipped with white, the hind femur also only obscurely infuscate subapically; hind tibia with a distinct brownish ventral stripe in the larger white annulus; basal annulus of hind tarsus occupying only about a fourth of the basitarsus; apical third of tibial spurs brownish; humeral angle of pronotum brownish instead of whitish. Male. -Differs from female in having the legs paler, the front coxae and front and middle trochanters whitish; hind basitarsus with \vhite annulus almost wanting. From male of the typical fugitivus it differs in having the middle coxae testaceous, by the small tarsal annulus, and by the darker humeral angle of pronotum. Type host. Malacosoma pluvialis Dyar. Other host. Malacosoma ambisimillis Dyar. Type-locality. Takoma, Washington . Other localities. San Francisco Co., California; Monterey Co., California; Santa Cruz Mts., California. Type. Cat. No. 22146, U. S. N. M. Described from two females and one male (Bureau of Ento- mology No. 568) from the type-locality and type host, one female from San Francisco Co. (Bureau of Entomology No. 360) evidently reared from a species of Malacosoma, one female from Monterey Co. (Bureau of Entomology No. 415) from Malacosoma ambisimilis Dyar, one male, the allotype (Bureau of Entomology No. 415) from Santa Cruz Mts. from Malacosoma ambisimilis, and one female without locality and bearing only the number 368 and the host remains. All but the last were reared bv Albert Koebele. 120 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 5, MAY, 1919 Apanteles iselyi, new species. Closely allied to Apantelec (Pseudopanteles} etiellae Viereck. It is, however, noticeably smaller and differs from that species especially in having the whole dorsum of the abdomen, except at extreme apex, opaque though with only sparse and vague sculpture. Female. Length 2.5 mm.; antennae 2.0 mm. Head slightly wider than long; face and clypeus at base subpolished with rather coarse punctures; temples strongly, convexly sloping; coarsely, densely punctate; polished area of occiput extending triangularly onto vertex nearly to ocelli; mesoscutum densely, finely, opaquely punctate; scutellum polished, with uniform separated punctures, its lateral furrows crenulate and lateral areas polished impunctate; mesopleura densely, rather coarsely punctate, opaque; propodeum basally and medially opaque without distinct sculpture except medially where it has a distinct longitudinal carina flanked by short radiating rugae, laterally at apex polished; metapleura posteriorly opaque with scattered punctures; femora shagreened; abdomen dorsally opaque but not distinctly sculptured, apical tergites polished; first tergite very narrow at apex, arcuately widening toward base; second tergite very small, fully four times as wide as long; ovipositor sheath twice as long as first tergite, in side view long clavate. Black; tegulae transparent, pale yellowish; palpi pale; wings milky hyaline, stigma and metacarpus dark brown, other veins pale; legs black, front and middle femora at apex, front tibiae and tarsi, middle and hind tibiae except at apex, and middle tarsi at base testaceous; calcaria white. Male. Length 2.0 mm.; antennae 3.0 mm. Differs principally in having the scutellum polished medially and the dark color of all tibiae extending farther basally. Host. Canarsia hammondi Riley. Type-locality. Bentonville, Arkansas. Type. Cat. No. 22147, U. S. N. M. Described from two females and two males reared October 8-10, 1918, under Quaintance No. 16356, by Dwight Isely, for whom the species is named. Actual Date of Publication, Jl/av 5, 11 V VOL. 21 JUNE 1919 No. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON CONTENTS BURKE, H. E., NOTES ON A COCCOON MAKING COLYDIID (COLEOPT.) J 23 BURKE, H. E. NOTES ON THE CALIFORNIA OAK WORM, PHRYGANIDIA, CAL- IFORNICA (LEPID.) 1 24 BUSCK, AUGUST A MICROLEPIDOPTERON INJURIOUS TO AVOCADO 12") CRAMPTON, G. C. THE GENITALIA AND TERMINAL ABDOMINAL STRUCTURES OF MALES, AND THE TERMINAL ABDOMINAL STRUCTURES OF THE LARVAE OF "CHALASTOGASTROUS" HYMENOPTERA 12!) GAHAN, A. B. A NEW SPECIES OF THE SERPHIDOID GENUS DENDROCERUS (HYMENOPTERA) 121 GREENE, CHARLES T. A NEW GENUS IN SCATOPHAGIDAE (DIPTERA ) 1 2ti ROHWER, S. A. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW CYNIPOID FROM TRINIDAD. . lot) PUBLISHED MONTHLY EXCEPT JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C , under Act of August 24, 1912. Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ORGANIZED MARCH 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 p.m. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00- Members are entitled to the PROCEEDINGS and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over that submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1919. Honorary President E. A. SCHWARZ President E. R. SASSCER First Vice-President W. R. WALTON Second Vice-President A. B. GAHAN Recording Secretary R. A. CUSHMAN Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer S. A. ROHWER U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Editor A. C. BAKER East Falls Church, Va. Representing the Society as a Vice-President of the Washington Academy of Sciences. . . .S. A. ROHWER EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. THE OFFICERS. A. N. CAUDELL. A. L. QUAINTANCE. CHAS. R. ELY. PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at Easton, Pa., and Washington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Do- mestic, $4.00 per annum; foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological Society of Washington. Advertising rates on application to the Corresponding Secretary. Authors of leading articles in the PROCEEDINGS will be entitled to 25 separates of each contribution, free of charge, provided the Editor is notified before page proof is returned. Additional copies may be had at rates fixed by the Society. Certain charges are made on illustrations and there are rules and suggestions governing the make-up of articles published. Con- tributors may secure information on these points by application to the Editor or Corresponding Secretary. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOL. 21 JUNE, 1919 No. 6 A NEW SPECIES OF THE SERPHIDOID GENUS DENDROCERUS (HYMENOPTERA). BY A. B. GAHAN, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. The two interesting new forms here described both run di- rectly to the genus Dendrocerus in J. J. Kieffer's key (Andre's Spec. Hym. d'Eur. et d'Algerie, vol. 10, 1911, p. 10). Both differ from the male genotype in having the antennae serrate instead of ramose and would therefore appear to agree with Atritomus Foerster, which KiefTer, probably correctly, considers a synonym of Dendrocerus. According to Kieffer the male antennae are variable in the genus. Dendrocerus, as represented by the species described below, is characterized by having the head viewed from above transverse; antennae inserted at the clypeus,'n-jointed in both sexes, elon- gate and filiform in the female, joints i to 6 of the male flagellum more or less strongly serrate; pronotum entirely concealed from above, mesoscutum with a more or less distinct median longi- tudinal groove, the parapsidal grooves absent or only very faintly indicated at the lateral anterior angles; scutellum longer than broad, convex, very slightly compressed at apex but without an apical process; axillae meeting at inner angles and separated from the mesoscutum by a distinct fine groove; propodeum short, declivous from base or near base; abdomen fusiform, convex above, and about as long as the head and thorax. The host record for the species is apparently new for the genus Dendrocerus, other species of which are recorded as having been reared from Cecidomyid and Cynipid galls, and one species from a Coccid on maple. Despite the differences pointed out and the widely separated type localities the writer is of the opinion that the two forms de- scribed below r are nothing more than varietal forms of the same species. The greater distinctness of the mesonotal groove and the line on vertex in the paler form are believed to be accounted for by the lighter color which causes them to stand out more con- spicuously. The color of the paler form shows a distinct ten- dency to shade into black and it is possible that a larger series would demonstrate that the differences are merely variations. 121 122 PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 Dendrocerus conwentziae, new species. Closely related to D. californicus Kieffer but apparently differs from the description of that species, which is based on a male, by having the fifth flagellar joint, as well as the first to fourth, distinctly three-cornered and hairy, their apices arcuately emar- ginate and produced into a short neck to which the following joint is attached; sixth joint also slightly serrate; all flagellar joints distinctly longer than the apex is broad. Female. Length 2 mm. Uniformly dull black except the front legs, which are very dark brown; mandibles brownish; wings subhyaline, more or less stained with fuscous, the fuscous staining most apparent just behind the stigma and in the area between the stigmal vein and the anterior wing margin. Head finely closely punctate and opaque; viewed from above transverse . the occiput slightly concave and distinctly margined; ocelli in an obtuse triangle, the lateral ocelli a little more distant from the eye-margin than the diameter of an ocellus, postocellar line fully twice the ocellocular; vertex behind the ocelli with a very faint median longitudinal line connecting with the occipital carina; viewed from in front, the head is approximately as high as broad and only moderately narrowed below, the cheeks distinctly less than half as long as eye-height; antennal scape long, subcylindrical, thickest near the middle and somewhat more slender at base than apex, pedicel slightly more than twice as long as thick, first flagellar joint thicker and approximately one and one-half times as long as the pedicel, second about as long as pedicel, third to ninth flagellar joints successively decreasing very slightly in length, the ninth not much longer than thick, tenth somewhat longer than the ninth; mesoscutum, scutellum, and axillae sculptured like the head, the mesoscutum with a very delicate median longitudinal line which is not deeply impressed; sides of pronotum, mesopleura, and metapleura more shallowly punctate than the dorstim, subopaque; propodeum with the declivous posterior por- tion slightly concave and bounded by a distinct curved carina, the enclosed area more or less horse-shoe-shaped, polished within, with a few more or less distinct longitudinal striae laterally and apically and usually with a delicate median carina; abdomen polished, the first tergite extending to or a little beyond the middle, ovipositor sheaths slender and exserted approximately the length of the fourth tergite. Male. -Length i .7 mm. Head viewed from in front much broader than high; antennal scape a little less than four times as long as thick; pedicel small, subglobose; flagellar joints hairy, i to 5 strongly serrate, the sixth slightly so, 7 to 9 cylindrical; abdomen not longer than the thorax; wings hyaline. Type locality. --Amherst, Massachusetts. Type. Cat. No. 22277, U. S. N. M. Type female, one paratype female, and the male allotype reared by Mr. A. I. Bourne, from Conwentzia lia^cni, a small Neuropteron. PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, XO. 6, JUNE, 1919 1 2o Dendrocerus conwentziae variety rufus, new variety. Female. -Length 2 mm. Color rufo-testaceous suffused with dark brown or blackish above on the head, thorax, and abdomen; the scutellum and axillae somewhat darker than the rest of the thorax; antennae black or brown- black, the base of scape paler; legs concolorous with the underside of the body, the hind legs more or less infuscated; wings distinctly infuscated with brown- ish, the base and apex hyaline; venation brownish black. Vertex behind with a delicate median longitudinal line running from the postocellar line to the occipital carina; median groove on the mesoscutum distinct. Otherwise like the female of conwentziae. Male. -Apparently agrees in every particular with males of the variety conwentziae. Type locality. Felida, Clark County, Washington. Type. Cat. No. 22278, U. S. N. M. Three females and three males reared by E. J. Newcomer from cocoons of Conwentzia sp. under Quaintance No. 14081, in May, 1918. Also a male and female from the same source reared June 3, 1918, and mounted on a slide. NOTES ON A COCOON MAKING COLYDIID (COLEOPT.). BY H. E. BURKE, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. In the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washing- ton for January, 1905, Dr. A. D. Hopkins published a note on a cocoon spinning Colydiid, probably Bothrideres contract us which he found to be a parasite of a Cerambycid larva. On July 22, 1914, at the Pyramid Ranger Station, Eldorado County, Calif, the writer collected a number of dark brown cocoons from the wood of an old fire scar on the side of a living incense cedar (Libocedrus dec^^rrens). The cocoons were taken from the pupal cells of the flatheaded woodborer, Trachykele opulenta Fall. Most of the cocoon makers had emerged but one larva could be seen through the walls of a cocoon which was taken from a cell containing a dead Trachykele beetle. Later a beetle emerged from another cocoon and was identified as Deretaplinis oregonensis Horn by Mr. W. S. Fisher. An adult of the same species was taken on August 2, 1915, from the bark of a dead Jeffrey pine (Finns jeffreyi) which con- tained a brood of the Jeffrey pine beetle (Dendroctonus jejjreyi Hopk.). Several adults were taken at Onion Valley, Calif., on October 13, from the bark of a dead sugar pine (P. lambertiand) which contained a brood of the mountain pine beetle (D. monti- colae Hopk.) and broods of the flatheaded woodborers (Buprestis laeviventris I,ec. and B. aurulenta Linn.). Other specimens were taken at Yreka and Vade, Calif. 124 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL,. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 Mr. J. D. Riggs took an adult from a yellow pine (P. ponder osa) at Bray, Calif., on May 6, 1915, and Mr. F. B. Herbert made the following observations: August 13, 1915, adults in cocoons in the wood of the red fir (Abies magnified) at the Pyramid Ranger Station; August 30, an adult from the cell of Trachykele nimbosa Fall in the wood of red fir at Meyers Station, Calif.; July 3, 1916, adults under the bark of a Jeffrey pine in the gallery of Dendroc- tomis jeffreyi; August 18, an adult in the wood of a lodgepole pine (P. murrayana) and a cocoon in the pupal cell of a Cerambycid. An adult Deretaphrus emerged from this cocoon on June 21, 1917. These records indicate that this species inhabits a number of host trees and lives on a number of insect hosts. Also, that it lives over one winter as an adult in the cocoon and probably follows its hosts in having a two or more year life cycle. At first sight the larva resembles an Ichneumonid larva, having a whitish fleshy body which tapers forward to the rather small head of the same color. Closer examinations shows that it has all f of the characteristics of the typical Colydiid larva including well developed legs and a pair of recurved caudal hooks. The cocoon is an elongate hemisphere in shape. The flat side is fastened to the rounded ones with a heavy seam or rim and con- tains a number of threads woven in the tissue. The rounded sides do not have the threads but are composed of a brownish celluloid like substance. NOTES ON THE CALIFORNIA OAK WORM, PHRYGANIDIA CALIFORNICA. (LEPID.) BY H. E. BURKE, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. Under the title "The Imprudent Phryganidian," Prof. Vernon L. Kellogg published in the Entomological News for June, 1896, an interesting account of how the mother moths of the fall genera- tion of this species doom many of their offspring to death by starvation because they lay part of their eggs on the leaves of the deciduous oaks which will soon fall and become unfit for food. Other eggs are laid on the live oak (Quercus agrifolia) and the species thus survives the winter. Observations made at the Forest Insect Laboratory, Los Gatos, during the past two winters indicate that the laying of the eggs on the deciduous oaks may not be such an imprudence as at first sight it seems. Both of these winters, due to different climatic conditions, numerous young caterpillars wintered over on the deciduous white oak (Quercus lobata) and produced normal broods of moths. In fact, at Los Gatos, the species appeared to winter better on the white oaks than it did on the live oaks. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, XO. 6, JUNE, IQIQ 125 The winter of 1917-1918 was so mild that the 1917 leaves re- mained on the trees until March i, when the new leaves of 1918 had unfolded. The young worms went from the old to the new leaves without difficulty and completed their normal develop- ment. During the first half of September, 1918, there was a heavy three days rain. This was followed by a month or more of warm weather. By November i many of the white oak leaves were well grown and the Phryganidia eggs of the fall brood were laid directly on these. Hatching took place normally and the young worms passed the winter of 1918-1919 in good condition and show every indication of reaching full development. The interesting question now arises as to whether, after feed- ing for five generations (summer, winter, 1917; summer, winter, 1918; summer, 1919) on the white oak this particular strain of the species will have lost its taste for the live oak and will be- come exterminated the first winter the white oak leaves fall early. On the other hand, it is possible that practically every winter some of the white oak leaves remain on the trees until spring and at least part of the brood laid on the white oak winters normally. The principal natural enemies of the oak worm besides this peculiar habit of self destruction are a "wilt" disease which some- times kills the worms by the thousands; the spined soldier bug (Podisus maculiventris Say, 1 which punctures and sucks dry the eggs, all stages of the worms and the chrysalids; a small grayish fly (T'.ryptocera flavipes Coq. 2 ) which kills the larger worms and the black and yellow chalcid (Chalcis abiesiae Girault 3 ) and the oak worm ichneumonid (Itoplectis behrensi (Cress.) 4 ), which parasitise the chrysalids. A MICROLEPIDOPTERON INJURIOUS TO AVOCADO. BY AUGUST BUSCK. Stenoma catenifer Walsingham. (Biol. Ccntr. Amer., iv., p. 168, 1912). This species feeds in the fruit and seed of Avocado (Aguacate) Persea spp. and appears to be of considerable economic im- portance by its destructiveness. It is the species mentioned as Stenoma species, by Sasscer (Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 127, 1918), Barber (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 2 1, p. 59, 1919), and by Popenoe 1 Identified by E. H. Gibson. 2 Identified by C. T. Greene. 3 Identified by S. A. Rohwer. 4 Identified by R. A. Cushman. 126 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 (U. S. Dept. Agri., Bull., 743, 1919). It has been received in bred series from Guatemala and Equador. According to Sasscer the caterpillar eats galleries in the seed similiar to those of the two large weevils which infest avocado, but easily distinguished from these by the presence of the loosely packed frasse pellets. Mr. J. Birch Rorer has sent a bred series from Equador and re- ports that the species does a great deal of damage to avocado there. The moth lays its eggs on the surface of the nearly ripe fruit and the larva eats through the flesh into the seed. It feeds on the seed until ready to pupate, three weeks or a month and, then eats its way out through the flesh to pupate. It is almost impossible according to Mr. Rorer to buy a single avocado in the market of Equador, which has not at least one of the worms in the seed; more often there are two or three. It would be a bad pest to introduce into the United States. The fullgrown larva is nearly an inch long. Head light brown with blackish eyespots and mandibles. Thoracic shield light brown with darker brown anterior edge; body light fuscous with small blackish brown tubercles. Spiracles on eighth abdominal seg- ment situated high up on dorsum. Anal shield dark brown. Legs and prolegs normal, a single complete circle of alternating long and short crotches. A NEW GENUS IN SCATOPHAGIDAE (DIPTERA). BY CHARLES T. GREENE, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. This most remarkable fly, 1 described below, was in some ma- terial which was submitted for determination by Mr. J. M. Jessup, who was the geologist of a party from the Smithsonian Institution. The party made a journey from Rampart House on the Yukon River, northward along the Alaska- Yukon Boundary to the Arctic Ocean and returned by the same route. This fly was captured on the return trip. AMBOPOGON, n. gen. One pair frontal bristles, below each of them is a bristle-like hair which is larger than the other hairs of the front; ocellar bristles long and directed forward; inner and outer vertical bristles near the eye (inner vertical may stand more erect than shown in drawing) ; post-verticals very large and di- rected backward. Antennae missing. Proboscis small; palpi short, slender and with a number of very short hairs and two long bristle-like hairs on the under side; no large apical bristle. One pair dorsocentrals, one prothoracic, no stigmatic bristle, one humeral, two notopleurals (the larger one in front), 1 Described through the courtesy of Dr. J. M. Aldrich, Custodian of the Diptera, U. S. National Museum. PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, XO. 6, JUNE, IQIQ l-< i one presutrual, one supraalar, one postalar; no mesopleural, or pteropleural bristles, one sternopleural, a row of bristles on the sternopleura near the middle coxa; hind coxa with one large bristle on the outside. Scutellum with two large, marginal pairs of bristles. Wing normal, sixth vein to the wing margin; two small, basal cells. Type Ambopogon hyperboreus, n. sp. Cochliarutm (Becker, Dipterologische Studien I, Berliner Entomol. Ztg. Bd. XXXIX, 1894, p. 183, Heft i) is the nearest relative, although quite remote and very distinct. A . hyperboreus, n. sp. Male (Fig. i). -Brownish black, legs mostly yellow. From in front the head is slightly wider than high. Face very small and pale yellow, darker on the sides; antennae missing, antennal pits located about the lower fifth of the eye; front narrowing towards the antennae, yellow, a brownish area across the lunule, a broad V-shape depression in the middle with the upper ends more golden; vertex, ocellar triangle and upper part of the face along the orbits dark brown and shining; numerous dark, bristly hairs on apical half of front; eyes cover nearly half the side of the head; occiput well developed, nearly as wide as the horizontal diameter of the eye, upper half of occiput black with numerous black hairs which extend down on the yellow of the lower half; a group of closely set brownish, bristly hairs on the occiput close to the junction of the neck; lower edge of head nearly straight, a broad ridge starting at the front and extending half way along the lower edge of the head. On this ridge are the whiskers, which are extremely long, curved backward, blackish bristles, very pale toward the apex, back of these bristles the beard is more like bristly hairs; on the front end of this ridge are located several bristles which are directed slightly forward; no distinct oral vibrissae in the male; back of this heavy beard, along the oral opening, are very numerous whitish hairs which are curly or crinkly at the apex. These bristly hairs are more numerous towards the front. Thorax shiny and nearly black with numerous short black hairs; on the dorsum is a broad stripe from the apex to the scutellum and a narrow area above the pleural suture, from humeral callus to the wing, white, pruinose; scutellum very faintly white pruinose; halteres white, brownish at base. Abdomen nearly black with numerous black hairs; first segment quite long, sides parallel, second and third segments much shorter than the first, but both widen considerably toward their apices; fourth segment nearly twice the length of the third and narrowing slightly at the apex; next segment globular, chitinous, and with a tuft of bristly hairs in the middle and at the apex; last segment globular with a heavy brush of large, dark brown bristles which are yellowish and crinkly at the apex. These bristles are about three times the length of the segment. Forceps reddish brown, points widely- separated. Venter has numerous, long, yellowish hairs on second and third segments. Near the apical corner of the lirst and second segments, on the 128 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 ventral side, is a long, black bristle. Front coxa quite long and yellow; middle and hind coxae more normal and brownish, darker at the base. Legs yellow except front femora, apical half front tibiae, front tarsi, apical half hind femora, apical fourth of hind tibiae, and last two joints of hind tarsi, blackish brown. Ambopogon hyperboreus GREENE. Fig. i, male; Fig. 2, forceps from above. Front femora with numerous long, black bristles on the outside, more closely set towards the base ; front metatarsus straight, cylindrical and slightly longer than the four following joints; middle coxae each have a long, black, hook-like spine on the inside and a long black bristle in front of it; middle femora shorter than the first and much swollen on front side near the middle with numerous, short, spine-like bristles on this swollen part; middle tibiae with a row of heavy black spines on the upper side, spines longer near the middle; middle metatarsus noticeably bent, with numerous short black spines on under side, larger at base and on the upper side with a row, the en- tire length, of black hairs, longer, curved and much closer set towards the PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 129 apex; hind femora long with a row of very long, brownish yellow, stout bristles, which are very pale yellow towards apex and the tips bent. This row is located close to the under side of the femur and behind this row are numerous yellow shorter bristles. Hind metatarsus long, slender and only slightly bent. Length 4.75 mm. Type Locality. Lat. 69-10 X, Long. 141 \V. One specimen. Aug. 14-17, 1912. J. M. Jessup, Collector. Type, male, Cat. No. 22322, United States National Museum. THE GENITALIA AND TERMINAL ABDOMINAL STRUCTURES OF MALES, AND THE TERMINAL ABDOMINAL STRUCTURES OF THE LARVAE OF "CHALASTOGASTROUS" HYMENOPTERA. BY G. C. CRAMPTON, PH.D., Mass. Agr. College. In a paper published in vol. 27, 1916, p. 303, of the Ent. News, the insects here discussed were classed as a distinct order called the Prohymenoptera, or sawfly group a more inclusive division than MacLeay's "Bomboptera," which, according to Ashmead, 1896, included only the "Uroceridae" (i. e., the Siri- cidae), the "tenthredinid" sawflies being placed with the Tri- choptera, by MacLeay, who restricted the designation "Hy- menoptera" to the forms with apodous larvae. Rohwer and Cushman, 1917, would divide the sawfly group into two sub- orders, the Chalastogastra (Konow, 1897) and the Idiogastra (Oryssidae), but these investigators are unwilling to admit the sawfly group as a distinct order, because they consider that the Idiogastra (i. e., the Oryssidae) are intermediate between the rest of the sawfly group and the higher Hymenoptera called Clistogastra 1 by Konow, 1897. If the existence of intermediate forms, however, were sufficient grounds for "lumping" two related orders into one "homogeneous" order, on exactly the same grounds, we would have to group the . Lepidoptera and Trichop- tera together as merely one order, since the lepidopterous family Micropterygidae is unquestionably intermediate between the Lepidoptera and the Trichoptera, and has even been removed from the Lepidoptera and placed as a suborder of the Trichop- tera by Comstock, 1918, in his recent book on the wing veins of insects! The non-participation of the first abdominal seg- 1 The division of the Hymenoptera into Symphyta and Apocrita by Gerstaecker, 1867, is exactly the same as Konow'* division of the Hymenoptera into Chalastogastra and Clistogastra, which it antedates by thirty years. 130 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 merit (propodeum) in the formation of the thorax, the board junction of the thorax and abdomen, the more primitive type of head, wing venation, nature of the termal abdominal struc- tures, etc., are sawfly features which would differentiate this group from the higher Hymenoptera almost as markedly as the Lepidoptera are differentiated from the Trichoptera; but the weight one would give to these differences is largely a matter of personal preference, and for the sake of convenience, the sawfly group has been referred to as a part of the order Hymenoptera, in the following discussion. Those who have figured the genitalia of male sawflies usually make no attempt to homologize the parts with those of other in- sects, or even with those of the higher Hymenoptera, and since the workers in related groups such as the Diptera, Lepidoptera, Trichoptera, Hemiptera, etc., use their own special terminology in each group, without regard to other related insects, or the lower forms, it has seemed preferable to attempt to apply to the parts of the genitalia of sawflies, the uniform terminology worked out for the genitalia of lower insects, and the Neuroptera, Mecop- tera, Trichoptera, Diptera, etc., in papers by Crampton, 19183 and iQiSb. In this way, the true significance of the parts is brought out in the sawflies, whereas, to attempt to apply to the parts such meaningless terms as "cardo," "stipes" and "lacinia" (which have always been used for structures of the maxillae) or the term squama (usually employed to designate the proximal calypter at the base of the wing in Diptera, or the scale at the base of the abdomen in ants, etc.) used by some workers to desig- nate the parts of the genitalia of higher Hymenoptera, would be grossly inexact and very misleading. It would be fully as de- plorable to use the terms cardo, stipes, etc., for parts of the geni- talia, as it would be to employ the terms mentum, submentum, etc., in this connection, since the former terms have always been used for parts of the maxillae, and if anatomical terms in ento- mology are ever to have any exact meaning at all, as they do in vertebrate anatomy, such ignorant or slovenly usage of terms must be done away with, each term must be applied only to homologous structures throughout the orders of insects. No attempt has been made in the present paper to trace the modifications of the larval structures through the pupal to the adult stages, since the material requisite for such a study is not at present available although I am hoping to carry out such a study in the near future. It has seemed advisable, however, to include a brief discussion of certain of the structures present in the larval stages, since some of the interpretations of the parts PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, XO. 6, JUXE, 1919 131 i by MacGillivray, 1913, would appear to need revising, and a com- parison with the structures of lower insects would permit the de- termining of their homologies with a fair degree of certainty. For the greater part of the material upon which the present study was based, and for many valuable suggestions, I am deeply indebted to the kindness of Mr. S. A. Rohwer, whose generous assistance has made this work possible. In referring to the different abdominal segments of the male, I would count them in the dorsal region, beginning with the basal abdominal tergum (which is usually demarked into two sym- metrical halves), since the sternal region of the first abdominal segment has become lost through atrophy, or through uniting with the hindermost segment of the thorax. The presence of the first abdominal spiracle in the basal segment of the abdomen will serve to differentiate it from the thoracic region, if there is any question as to its identity. For studying the union of the first abdominal segment (propodeum) with the thoracic region, Cephus offers an extremely interesting intermediate condition between the lower and higher types of Hymenoptera; but the dis- cussion of this region can be better taken up elsewhere. In most sawflies, the tergum or "tergite" of the eighth abdominal segment (sometimes referred to as the eighth "dorsal segment") is clearly evident as in Figs. 42, 46, 49, 50, 55, 56, etc., where it is labeled "S 4 ." In Oryssus (Fig. 42) and many other sawflies (Fig. 56) it overlaps the terga of the succeeding segments, and may be referred to as the "pseudopygidium." In Tremex (Fig. 49), however, the eighth tergum does not overlap the succeeding ones to any great extent. The sternum or sternite of the eighth seg- ment is labeled "8 s " in the above-mentioned figures. In some sawflies, such as Hemitaxonus, etc. (Figs. 50, 56, 57, etc.), the sternum or "sternite" of the eighth segment "8 s " is greatly reduced and becomes so narrow in the mesal region that it is almost divided into two lateral halves. This fact, and the partial overlapping of the eighth sternum by the sternum of the seventh segment, caused Newell, 1918, to disregard the true eighth sternum in her figures of a male sawfly (Dolerus) and to designate the true ninth sternum (labeled "ha" in all figures), incorrectly, as the eighth. If one examines a sawfly such as Tremex (Fig. 49), however, it is very easy to identify the tergites and sternites, since the eighth sternite "8 s " is large, and. the ninth tergite, or pygidium, "9*-," which in Tremex and most siricids is demarked into two halves by a convolution along the mid-dorsal line, is not overlapped to any great extent by the eighth tergite "8 l " 132 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 and is clearly the corresponding dorsal region (tergite) of the ninth sternite "ha." The sternite "ha" (Figs. 46, 49, 55, 56, etc.), situated below the male genitalia has been referred to as the hypandrium in all insects (Cramp ton, 191 8 a and 191813), regardless of whether it represents of the sternum of the eighth, ninth, or other abdominal segment. It is incorrectly referred to as the hypopygium in some insects; but this term always refers to the entire male genitalia, etc., in Diptera, or to the plate immediately below the anus (i. e., the ventral plate of the terminal segment labeled "ep" in Fig. 55, etc.) in other insects, so that in order to avoid ambiguity, the more appropriate designation hypandrium has been retained in the present paper for the plate labeled "ha," situated below the male genitalia. The apparent tenth tergite labeled "ep" in Figs. 49, 54, etc., probably represents the united tenth and eleventh tergites of lower insects. It frequently bears the small appendages "c" homologous with the cerci (Figs. 46, 54, etc.) and is situated above the anal opening "a" of Figs. 46, 50, 54, etc. The region below the anal opening is sometimes chitinized to form a subanal plate or hypoproct, while the supraanal plate "ep" is referred to as the epiprocl, in lower insects. In the Mecoptera, the entire region through which the anus "a" opens, including the epi- proct "ep" (Fig. 50) and hypoproct, is called the anal pappilla or proctiger. The supraanal plate or epiproct "ep" of Fig. 54, tends to unite with the tergite of the ninth segment "9*;" and in many sawflies, both are overlapped by the eighth abdominal tergum. In Oryssus (Fig. 42) not only the ninth and tenth tergites, but the genitalia also are retracted beneath, and are completely concealed by, the tergum of the eighth (and the sternum of the ninth) abdominal segment. Except in a few cases, however, such as that of Oryssus, mentioned above, the male genitalia are at least partially visible from the exterior. The copulatory apparatus of the male, is typically composed of a basal ring, "gg" (Figs, i, 27, 41, etc.) which bears a pair of genital forceps or claspers, each of whose arms is composed of a basal segment "gb" and distal segment "eg" (Figs. 27, 41, etc.). A pair of copulatory ossicles "gl" becomes differentiated from the basal segments of the forceps "gb" (Figs. 14, 17, 40, etc.), and be- side them there usually occurs a larger sclerite "pal" which is also probably a demarked portion of the basal segments of the genital forceps. On the opposite side of the "genitalia" there some- times occurs a pair of processes "pa" (Figs, i, 2 3, etc.), which PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 21, xo. 6, juxE, i gig 133 are usually located rather close to the penis valves "pv." The penis valves "pv" (Figs, i, 7, 13, 21, 26, 27, etc.) may constitute the true penis, but there is some reason for considering that they form a "pseudopenis" enclosing a delicate structure which repre- sents the true penis. The enclosed delicate structure, however, is so fragile and poorly preserved in the material available for study, that I am unable to determine whether it represents the true penis, or is merely the coagulated seminal fluid although from its rather constant form in the insects studied, I am inclined to regard it as a definite structure representing the penis of other insects. In the lower sawflies and siricid group (Figs. 19, 28, 53, etc.) and also in Xiphidria and Ceplnts (Figs. 20 and 21) which are closely related to the siricids, the copulatory ossicles "gl" and the sclerites "pal" are located on that side of the "genitalia" which is ventral when in situ, and this very probably represents the original condition of the parts. In certain other sawflies, how- ever, such as Cimbex (Fig. 14), Dolerus (Fig. 40), etc., the copula- tory apparatus as a whole has been turned over (revolving on its long axis) so that the copulatory ossicles "gl" and the sclerites "pal" which were formerly ventrally located, now come to lie on the dorsal surface of the copulatory apparatus when in situ. The "twisted" appearance of the membrane and muscles at the base, of the "genitalia" frequently gives evidence of this revolu- tion of the copulatory apparatus through 180 degrees (on its long axis), but there is no sign of a "torsion" in the chitinous plates themselves, since the copulatory apparatus revolves as a whole, and if one were not prepared to look for such a revolution of the "genitalia" by the analogous condition occurring in some Diptera, etc. (in which there is a similar "inverting" of the parts), it would be rather confusing in attempting to homologize the parts of the "genitalia" in those insects in which such a "torsion" occurs. Thus Newell, 1918, was apparently unaware that there has been such a torsion of the copulatory apparatus in Dolerns, and attempts to homologize parts originally or primitively dorsal in sawflies (and only secondarily ventrally located in Dolenis through a revolving of its copulatory apparatus through 180 degrees) with parts which are always ventral in Lepisma, etc. ; and many of the interpretations of the parts, especially in Neurop- tera, Mecoptera, sawflies, etc., given by Newell, 1918, are not at all in accord with the conclusions I have reached from an ex- amination of a rather extensive series of these insects, and the lower forms. In attempting to intepret the parts of the "genitalia" of a saw- 134 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 fly, it is a comparatively simple matter to determine the corre- spondence of the genital forceps of a primitive sawfly such as Megaxyela (Fig. 27, "gb" and "eg") with the forceps called gonopods (Crampton, I9i8b) in such primitive Mecoptera as Merope (Fig. 35, "gb" and "eg"). In some Mecoptera as in the one shown in Fig. 31, the basal segments of the genital for- ceps "gb" unite to form a basal region bearing the distal segments "eg" of the gonopods, or forceps, and in the same way, in some sawflies, as in the one shown in Fig. 9, the basal segments of the genital forceps "gb" unite to form a basal region bearing the distal segments "eg" of the gonopods or forceps. This interpretation of the parts seems so self-evident, that it is difficult to understand how Newell, 1918, comes to such a different conclusion as to the homologies of the parts, unless the wrong labels were attached to her figures, and her tables of sclerites and appendages were inadvertently placed under the names of the wrong insects in some cases. Thus in her figure of the genitalia of Dolerus, Newell would interpret the distal segment of the forceps "eg" of Fig. 39 (of the present paper) as "appendage IV" homologous with the cerci of lower insects, although she correctly figures the cerci of a male Dolerus elsewhere. The median plates with their processes "pa" of Fig. 39, Newell would interpret as the homo- logues of the distal segments of the gonopods "eg" (Fig. 31) of the Mecoptera, while the basal region of the gonopods of the Mecoptera ("gb" of Fig. 31) are homologized with the basal ring "gg" of Dolerus (Fig. 39) by Newell, who regards the basal ring "gg" of Fig. 39 as the sternum of the ninth abdominal seg- ment in Dolerus, although it probably belongs to the tenth seg- ment instead (the true ninth sternite being the large plate "ha" of all figures), and it comes to have a ventral position in Dolerus only secondarily, through a revolution of the copulatory appara- tus about its long axis. The homologies proposed by Newell for the Neuroptera, and other forms, are also not in accord with the interpreptation of the parts given in a paper dealing with the gonopods of these insects, Mecoptera, etc. (Crampton, 19185), but it is not necessary to take up the discussion of the gonopods of these insects here. Berlese, 1909, interprets the basal segments of the forceps of Cimbex (Figs, i and 14, "gb") as the sternite of the tenth ab- dominal segment, although they are clearly the homologues of the basal segments of the gonopods of lower sawflies (Fig. 27, "gb"), Mecoptera (Figs. 35,31, "gb"), etc. The distal segments of the forceps (Figs, i and 14, "eg"), Berlese calls "stili" in Cimbex, and applies the same designation to the styli of ephemerids PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, X(). 6, JUNE, 1919 loo (Figs. 29, and 58, "s"). If one compares the unsegmented styli of the ephemerid shown in Fig. 29, "s" with the unsegmented forceps of the sawfly shown in Fig. 8, "eg," there is apparent a strong resemblance between the two, and the basal ring "gg" of the sawfly (Fig. 8) resembles the sternite labeled "ha" in the ephemerid (Fig. 29) quite markedly. This interpretation of the nature of the forceps has much to recommend it. On the other hand, there is a possibility that the so-called parameres 1 of certain lower insects (Figs. 30, 34, etc., "pm") may be the forerunners of the genital forceps. Tracing the ontogenetic development of the parts from the immature to the adult stages is one method of determining the correct interpretation of the parts; but unfortunately this has not been done in the case of the Hymenoptera. Klapalek, 1903, however, states that the gonopods of adult Trichoptera (Fig. 52, "gb" and "eg") correspond to the hindermost abdominal legs or "postpedes" of the larvae (Fig. 43, "pp"), and if this be true, we have a basis for determining the homologies of the forceps of the Hymenoptera (Fig. 27, "gb" and "eg"), since these struc- tures are homologous with the gonopods of the Mecoptera and Trichoptera (Figs. 35 and 52, "gb" and "eg"), and must there- fore also correspond to the postpedes of the larvae (Fig. 43, "pp"). These postpedes or "anal prolegs" do not represent styli (ap- pendages of the basal segment of the leg in Apterygota) but are now considered to represent true abdominal legs by most recent embryologists, so that if the forceps represent "anal prolegs" or postpedes, they can hardly he homologized with the styli of ephemerids (Figs. 29 and 58, "s"). If the genital forceps are 1 Wheeler, 1910, in his book on ants, designates the entire copulatory apparatus of the male, as the"parameres." Escherich, 1905, following other students of the Apterygota, and Burr, with all modern dermapterists, have used the designation "parameres" to denote the structures labeled "pm" in Figs. 30, 34, etc., and there seems to be no valid reason for attempting to change this widespread and generally accepted usage of the term among the workers on the Apterygota and Dermaptera, especially since the application of the term "parameres" to the entire copulatory apparatus of the male, has been employed by only one or two students of the ants. I suggested using the term phallus for the entire copulatory apparatus, as is done in lower insects; but since there might be some objection to this usage of a term which is made a synonym of the term penis in Smith's "Glossary," I have em- ployed the designations genitalia, genital apparatus, or copulatory apparatus for the parts of the male alone, in the present paper, since we already have the designations ovipositor, sting, etc., for the "genitalia" of the female. The designation "copulatoria" has also been suggested for the entire copula- tory apparatus of the male. 136 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 modified styli, they might be called gonostyli to indicate their true nature; but for the purpose of this paper, it is sufficiently accurate to designate the forceps of male sawflies as the gono- pods, since this term is applied to homologous structures in the nearly related Mecoptera, Trichoptera, Neuroptera, etc. The penis valves "pv" of Figs, i, 27, 40, 41, etc , composing the central structure called the "penis," by students of the saw- fly group, may possibly represent the paired structures labeled "eu" in Fig. 29 of an ephemerid, or the structures labeled "pm" in Fig. 30, or in Fig. 34, may be homologous with the penis valves. Whatever their homologues in lower insects may be, the penis valves of sawflies ("pv" of Figs. 27, 41, etc.) appear to be homol- ogous with the penis valves of the Mecoptera, labeled "pv" in Figs. 35 and 31, and provisionally, at least, I would adopt this interpretation of these parts. It has been suggested that the penis valves may be homologous with the structure sometimes called the uncus in higher Hymenoptera, but since the penis valves do not form an "uncus," or hook, in the sawflies, and since they do not appear to be homologous with the structure to which the term uncus is usually applied in the Lepidoptera, I prefer to refer to them simply as the penis valves when they are distinct, or as the "penis," when they are united although a subsequent study of the sawflies may indicate that the true penis is a deli- cate structure enclosed within the penis valves. The copulatory ossicles "gl" (Figs. 40, 16, 14, etc.) of sawflies may possibly be homologous with the structures termed "sagittae" (a designation usually applied to the markings of the wings in Lepidoptera) in higher Hymenoptera, and I have therefore provisionally designated them as the "sagittae" in the present paper, although I have not as yet been able to obtain the inter- mediate forms to enable me to determine whether this is the cor- rect interpretation of these parts, or not; and the same is true of the parts which I have provisionally homologized with the so- called volsellae of higher Hymenoptera (i. e., the sclerite labeled "pal," in the different figures of sawfly genitalia). I had former-h- ref erred to the structures "gl" and "pal" as the "gonossiculi" and "parossiculi;" but rather than to introduce new terms for parts already supplied with appropriate designations, it is pre- ferable to apply the terms sagittae and volsellae to them pro- vissionally, until the necessary material is available to determine whether this interpretation is correct or not. The terms prae- putium and manubria have (in a few instances) been applied to the plates and processes labeled "pa" in the different figures of sawfly genitalia; but I prefer to refer to these structures simply as the parapenis plates and processes. The designation prae- PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, XO. 6, JUXE, 1919 l.'u putium has come to have a definite and universally accepted meaning among the dermapterists, who apply this term to that portion of the penis within which the "glans" is retracted, and since the other application of the designation praeputium to the basal segments of the gonopods by a few of the workers on the sawfly group is not recognized as a valid usage in any glossary, textbook, or general work, I prefer to give the term praeputium its general and widely accepted application namely to restrict its application to the above-mentioned parts of the penes of the Dermaptera, for which it is unusually appropriate. Similarly, the designation "manubrium" cannot be applied to the parapenes "pa" (Fig. i), as is done by a few students of the sawfly group without creating unnecessary confusion, since the term manu- brium has come to have a definitely established and widely ac- cepted application to the base of the spring in Collembola, and any attempt to apply it to other structures, such as the projecting portion of the mesosternum of the Elateridae, or to the adbominal sterna of certain earwigs, etc., should be abandoned if we are ever to have any uniform terminology applicable to all of the orders of insects as students of wing-venation are attempting to establish. In a male of the roach Periplaneta americana (shown in Fig. 77 of a paper by Crampton, 19183), it may be seen that the pair of appendages borne on the plate situated below the anus, are the styli, while the cerci are situated above the anal opening. Simi- larly, in the ephemerid shown in Fig. 58 of the present paper, the segmented appendages "s" borne on a plate situated below the anal opening are arthrostyles, or segmented styli, while the*cerci "c" are situated above the anal opening. Since the segmented appendages borne on the plate situated below the anal opening "a" of the larva of Neurotoma shown in Fig. 44 occupy a situa- tion similar to that of the segemented appendages "s" of the ephe- merid shown in Fig. 58, I would homologize the segmented ven- tral appendages of the Neurotoma larva ("s" of Fig. 44) with the arthrostyli or segmented styli "s" of the ephemerid shown in Fig. 58. On the other hand, the small cornicles labeled "c" in Figs. 43 and 47 of the larvae of Pteronidea and Treinex are located above the anal opening "a" and are probably homologous with the cerci "c" of lower insects (Fig. 58, etc.). MacGillivray, 1913, would call both the structures labeled "c" in Figs. 43 and 47, and those labeled "s" in Figs. 44 and 48, "anal cerci." That the two types of structures are not the same may be readily seen by comparing together the larva of Cephus and that of Trcmcx (Figs. 47 and 48). In both of these wood-boring larvae, as well as that of Sirex and similar forms, there occurs of postcornus 138 PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 "pc" analogous to, if not actually homologous with, the similar posterior horn of the wood-boring larva of the Coleopteron Cupes, etc., although it is not exactly comparable to the caudal horn of the lepidopterous sphingid larvae. Above, and to one side of the post cornus, "pc," of Figs. 47 and 48, is a lateral caudal groove "Ig," and above the base of the postcornus is a dorso- median caudal groove "dg" exactly similar in both larvae; but in Tremex (Fig. 47) a pair of cornicles "c" probably homologous with the cerci (although the homologies of similar cornicles of coleopterous larvae with cerci of lower insects have been dis- puted) is situated near the end of the dorsomedian caudal groove "dg" not far from the base of the postcornus "pc," while in Cephus (Fig. 48) these cerci are lacking. On the other hand, the ventral plate "hy" situated below the anal opening "a" of Cephus (Fig. 48), bears a pair of appendages labeled "s" which cannot be homologized with the cornicles "c" of the similar larva of Tremex (Fig. 47) since they do not occupy the same position in the two larvae with respect to such "landmarks" as the dorsomedian cuadal groove "dg," lateral groove "Ig," postcornus "pc," anal opening "a," and ventral region "hy," which are practically the same in both larvae (Figs. 47 and 48). The ventral append- ages "s" of the larva of Cephus (Fig. 48), however, occupy a simi- lar position with respect to the anal opening "a," ventral region "hy," etc., as the structures "s" of the larva of Neurotoma (Fig. 44) do, and there can be little doubt that the structures labeled "s" are homologous in the two larvae shown in Figs. 48 and 44. If the cornicles "c" of the larva shown in Fig. 47 are cerci (the designation "anal" cerci is not necessary, since the term cerci alone sufficiently defines the structures in question), then the structures labeled "s" in Figs. 48 and 44 are not cerci, and it would be incorrect to designate them as such (as is done by Mac- Gillivray, 1913, who calls them all "anal cerci") and the term arthrostyli, or segmented styli should be applied to the append- ages "s" of Fig. 44, since they are apparently homologous with the arthrostyli "s" of the ephemerids, etc. (Fig. 58). The half English, half Latin designation "prolegs" is usually applied to the abdominal limbs of larvae; but if the terms prono- tum, procoxae, protarsus, etc., indicate structures of the pro- thorax, then the term "prolegs" should refer to the legs of the prothorax alone, and in the interest of exact usage the designa- tion uropoda (which according to Smith's "Glossary" refers to the abdominal legs in general) should be applied to the limbs of the urites as the abdominal segments are commonly called among entomologists. Most recent investigators now admit that the abdominal appendages in question represent the vestiges of true limbs, so that there can be no objection to calling them PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 139 uropods, from this standpoint. The terminal abdominal limbs are here referred to as "postpedes," merely for the sake of con- venience in order to distinguish them from the other uropods. The postpedes "pp" of the larvae of Megaxyela (Fig. 51) and certain other sawflies, bear a pair of postcalli "pea," or posterior callus-like structures, whose function is unknown. It is possi- ble that the region labeled "pea" in the larva of Pteronidea (Fig. 43) may correspond to the united structures "pea" of the Megaxyela larva; but I am not certain of this point. The relation of the appendages labeled "s" in Figs. 44 and 48, to the postpedes "pp" of Figs. 43 and 51 (or to the structure "pea" of the latter figures) is largely conjectural; but, since styli occur on the basal segments of the limbs of such forms as Scolopendrella, Machilis, etc., I hardly think that the styli "s" of larvae (Fig. 44, etc.) represent entire limbs (or their vestiges), but are rather limb appendages which have been retained, while the remainder of the limb which bore them has become atrophied or lost. It would be an extremely interesting bit of investigation to trace out the relationship of the larval appendages "pp" and "pea" of Fig. 51, or the appendages "s" of the larvae shown in Figs. 44 and 48, to the genital forceps of the adult male; but I have not the necessary material, to determine which of these types of larval structures form the forceps of the adult male, and must therefore postpone attempting to determine this question until the requisite material is available. It would be encroaching upon the province of the specialist who has spent a lifetime in the study of a group of insects, to attempt to determine the interrelationships of the different members of his group, so that it is not the purpose of the present paper to speculate upon the interrelationships of the forms here discussed, since the study of the terminal structures alone can furnish but a portion of the evidence necessary for such a study. On the other hand, the study of the terminal structures can con- tribute its share of the evidences of relationship which must be drawn from all available sources and it may be of some in- terest to briefly call attention to some of the more patent evi- dences of relationship afforded by a study of the terminal struc- tures. Rohwer and Cushman, 1917, would place the Oryssidae in a distinct suborder which they call the Idiogastra, and a stud}' of the terminal structures would indicate that the Oryssidae differ markedly from the remainder of the sawfly group, the parts being extremely highly specialized, or modified, in these forms. The genitalia of a male of Oryssus sayii are not visible from the ex- terior (Fig. 42), and the terminal segments are withdrawn into 140 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE), 1919 the cavity formed by the eighth tergite "S 1 " and the ninth sternite "ha." Unfortunately, in removing the genitalia from the male Oryssus loaned me by Mr. Rohwer, I did not realize the extreme rarity of the males of these insects, and, due to the great diffi- culty of handling the smooth segments which offer no means of securing a firm hold with the forceps, my mind was so occupied with removing the genitali intact, that I neglected to note which side of the genital apparatus was uppermost when in situ. It is a comparatively simple matter to identify that surface primi- tively uppermost (i. e., not displaced by a torsion of the copula- tory apparatus) in other sawflies, by comparing together the sur- faces on which the copulatory ossicles ("gl," of all figures) are located; but in the case of Oryssus the parts of the genitalia (while suggestive of a relationship to Cephus, and also to Tremex) are so different from those of other sawflies that it has been im- possible to determine their homologies with any degree of ac- curacy, although if I knew which side of the genital apparatus is uppermost when in situ, it would greatly aid in determining the homologies of the parts. The central structure "pv" of Figs. 37 and 38 evidently corresponds to the penis valves of other saw- flies ("pv" of all figures); but I am unable to determine whether the structure labeled "eg?" in Fig. 37 represents the copulatory ossicle "gl" of Figs. 26, etc., of other sawflies (which is a strong possibility), or the distal segment of the forceps "eg" of Figs. 13 and 26, or even the region labeled "pal," although I am in- clined to interpret the structure in question in the manner indi- cated by the label. The structure labeled "pal?" in Figs. 37 and 38 may represent the distal segment of the forceps labeled "eg" in other figures, or the structure labeled "pal" in other sawflies; but I am unable to determine which, from the material available to me at present. From the foregoing discussion, it is quite evident that the Oryssidae differ from other sawflies quite markedly in regard to the parts of their genitalia (which, as a rule, do not vary greatly in the sawfly group), as well as in other anatomical details, and the peculiar character of the genitalia and terminal segments of the Oryssidae might therefore be in- terpreted as lending weight to the view that they constitute a distinct suborder of the sawfly group. The importance one would ascribe to such a small and highly modified group, however, is largely a matter of personal preference. The lack of intermediate forms has made it impossible to determine the closest affinities of the oryssids among the members of the sawfly group, and the genitalia offer no evident indications of a close relationship to any of the forms here studied, although an examination of a wider range of sawflies, may be more productive of results. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 With regard to the affinities of the cephids and xiphydriids, Rohwer, 1915, has described a cephid genus Syntexis, which com- bined characters common to the Xiphydriidae and Cephidae, and he considers that the cephids are like the ancestors of the xiphydriids. I have not examined the genitalia of a male of Syntexis, to be able to state whether these structures would bear out Rohwer 's contention concerning the ancestral nature of the cephid group; but the genitalia and terminal abdominal segments of the cephids which I have been able to examine, would seem to indicate that the Xiphydriidae in general are less specialized than the Cephidae I have seen (compare Fig. 7 with Fig. 8), in so far as the copulatory apparatus is concerned; and the shape of the terminal segments of the male, is a little more like that of the primitive Xyelidae and "Lydidae," in the Xiphydriidae (Fig. 46), than in the Cephidae (Fig. 55), although the latter fact does not necessarily imply that the Xiphydriidae are more primi- tive in this respect. So far as the terminal abdominal segments are concerned, the great "breadth" (measured along the long axis of the insect's body) of the eighth abdominal sternite "8 s ," and the lengthening of the ninth sternite "ha" in Cephus (Fig. 55) are characters sug- gestive of the condition found in the siricids (Fig. 49), as is also true of the non-overlapping of the ninth and tenth tergites by the eighth tergite, in these insects. The lack of cerci in the siricid shown in Fig. 49 would have no bearing in such a comparison, since other siricids, such as Sir ex,' etc., have well developed cerci. The copulatory apparatus of Xiphydria (Fig. 20) is quite like that of Sirex (Fig. 53) on the primitively ventral side (i. e., on that side which is ventrally located in those insects in which a torsion of the genital apparatus does not occur) ; but the copula- tory apparatus of Cephus (Fig. 8) is more like that of Sirex (Fig. 45) on the primitively dorsal side (save for the fact that the basal and terminal segments of the forceps have united to form an ap- parently single segment), and the wide collar-like character of the basal ring "gg" of Cephus (Fig. 8) is especially suggestive of the condition occurring in the siricid group (Figs. 45, 36 and 37> "gg")- The terminal structures of the larvae (Figs. 47 and 48) are strikingly similar in the Siricidae, Cephidae, and Xiphy- driidae, and it is quite possible that the Cephidae and Xiphy- driidae are more closely related to the siricid group than they are to the "tenthredinoid" sawflies. As far as the torsion of the genital apparatus is concerned, the Siricidae, Cephidae, Xiphy- driidae (Oryssidae?), Xyelidae, "Lydidae" (Megalodontidae?) etc., appear to belong to the "Orthandria," or group in which no torsion occurs, while all of the other forms I have examined 142 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 belong to the "Strophandria," or sawflies which exhibit a torsion of the genital apparatus. The interpretation of these resem- blances, however, depends upon the character of other structures as well as the genitalia, and the condition here mentioned is referred to merely to indicate a line of investigation which might possibly lead to some interesting results in connection with the study of other structures in addition to the terminal ones. In all of the siricids which I have been able to examine, there are small spine-like projections near the tip of the copulatory ossicles "gl" of Fig. 53. Similar ossicular spines occur on the region labeled "gl" in Tremex (Fig. 36), and I would therefore interpret this region as the homologue of the copulatory ossicles (i. e., the region "gl" of Fig. 36), although it is not demarked from the sclerite "pal" (Fig. 36). The copulatory ossicles "gl" are small in most of the lower sawflies (Figs. 32, 33, 28, etc., and in Megaxyela (Fig. 28) they, and the region "pal," have become folded inward, and come to lie on the mesal surface of the base of the forceps "gb," making it very difficult to detect them in this hidden location. This con- dition may have been due to a shrinking of the parts in the dried specimen of Megaxyela which I examined; but since I was able to study only one representative of these rare insects (males of which are extremely scarce), I am unable to state whether this condition would occur in "normal" specimens, or those not shrunken by drying, although I suspect that this infolding would not occur in fresh material. The processes labeled "pa" in Figs, i, 2 and 3, and the plates labeled "pa" in Figs. 4 and 5, do not occur in those xyelids, "lydids" (pamphilids) , xiphydriids, cephids and siricids I have ex- amined, and appear to be a modification developed in the "twisted genitalia" group alone, although they are not developed in all the members of this group. Even in the comparatively highly modified genitalia of such forms as Cephus (Fig. 8) among the "non-torsion" group there is no marked tendency for the basal segments of the forceps "gb" to unite; but in the members of the "torsion group shown in Figs. 10, 12, 13, etc., the basal segments of the forceps "gb" become rather closely approximated, and in such forms as Perga (Fig. 9) there is a marked tendency for these basal segments "gb" to unite, and I should be inclined to interpret such a union as representing a rather high degree of specializa- tion or departure from the primitive condition. The "gonocondyle" labeled "b" in Figs, i, 14, 24, etc., appears to be better developed and more elongate in the "torsion" group of sawflies (i. e., those in which a torsion of the copulatory ap- PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 143 paratus occurs) ; but I doubt that this feature will be found to hold good in attempting to differentiate between the two types, if the torsion of the genital apparatus should prove to have any meaning from the standpoint of the study of the interrelationships of the members of the sawfly group or their mating habits. This, and similar question of the affinities of the sawflies can best be taken up by specialists in these groups, or by those having ac- cess to a wide range of types, so that the present paper is intended merely to furnish a basis for the more intensive study of the different types of genitalia and terminal structures present in the sawfly group, and to attempt to determine the meaning and homologies of the parts met with in the terminal structures of these insects. Mr. S. A. Rohwer has made a preliminary study of the genital apparatus of the males of sawflies based largely upon the genitalia of Tremex, and he has very kindly permitted me to include in the present paper his table of the parts of the genitalia (for which he has adopted the terminology employed by other workers in this group) in order that the different views as to the homologies of the parts may be here discussed, in an effort to determine the correct interpretation of the parts, and the designations which should be applied to them. Mr. Rohwer's views of the nature of the genital apparatus, which he considers to be made up of three parts, are briefly set forth in the following table: Third Gonapophyses Forcipes Cochlearium (Claspers of authors, aussere Haltezange of (Outer pair of appendages Enslin, 1912) Of the ninth sternite) Stipes Cardo First Gonapophyses Praeputium I Sagittae of authors, ( Praeputium (Paired appendages of the < innere Haltezang eighth sternite) [ of Enslin, 1912 [ Manubria Second Gonapophyses Penis (Inner pair of appendages of the ninth sternite) Mr. Rohwer informs me that Hartig, 1837, applies the term "manubria" to the processes labeled "pa" in Fig. i ; while the basal portion of these processes (i. e., the plates labeled "pa" in Figs. 4, 5, etc.), together with the copulatory ossicles "gl" of Fig. 14, and the sclerites labeled "pal" in Fig. 14, constitute the structures designated as the "praeputium" by Rohwer, 1912 (pp. 215-217). The "third gonapophyses" or "forcipes" mentioned in the table given above, are the gonopods "gb" and "eg" of the 144 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 present paper, together with the basal ring "gg," which is the "cardo" mentioned in the table. The "stipes" is the basal seg- ment "gb" of the gonopods, and the "cochlearium" is the distal segment "eg" of the gonopods. The "penis" mentioned in the table as composed of the "second gonapophyses," is represented by the penis valves "pv" of the present paper, and the "first gonapophyses," which constitute the "praeputium" according to Rohwer, are made up of the structures labeled "gl," "pal" arid "pa" in the figures of the present paper. While it is quite possible that the foregoing table may repre- sent the actual meaning and relationships of the parts of the genitalia to one another, I do not find myself entirely in accord with all of the interpretations Mr. Rohwer has given them. The gonopods or forceps may or may not be the appendages of the ninth, or even of the tenth segment; but one can not deter- mine this point with any degree of certainty until the develop- ment of these structures has been traced through the larval to the adult stages. Furthermore, I would not interpret the "cardo" or basal ring "gg" (of all figures) as a part of the forceps proper, but rather as a basal plate which bears the forceps, and which may possibly represent the sternal region of the tenth or other abdominal segment, although, as stated above, this question can be best settled by making a study of the ontogenetic development of the parts in question. The sclerites referred to as the "praeputium" in the table, to my mind are merely detached basal portions of the forceps, and therefore would not belong to part of a segment which does not bear the forceps. As far as the "penis" is concerned, I am inclined to consider that it does not belong to the same segment as that bearing the forceps, since the penis rods ("pr" of all figures) extend forward to the segment in front of the basal ring of the forceps; but here again, I would not care to give any definite opinion on the subject, until the ontogenetic development of the parts in question has been worked out; and reference to the sup- posed "segments to which the different parts of the copulatory apparatus belong has been purposely omitted from the appended table of the parts according to the interpretation here given. The choice of Hartig's term "praeputium" is, to my mind, a rather unfortunate one, if there is to be any uniformity of applica- tion of terms used in the comparative anatomy of all insects, since the designation praeputium has been universally used by students of the earwig or Dermapteron group (e. g., Zacher, and others included in the list of papers dealing with the genitalia of males of Dermaptera given in the bibliography of a paper on the PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 145 genitalia of male insects by Cramp ton, 19183, page 63) to refer to the structure labeled "eu" in Fig. 34 of the Dermapteron figured in the present paper, and the application of the term praeputium should be restricted to structures homologous with those labeled "eu" in the figure of the Dermapteron (Fig. 34) in all insects. Smith, 1906, (Explanation of Terms Used in Ento- mology), defines the praeputium as "the external membranous covering of the penis; specifically a spherical muscular mass at the base of the penis in some Orthoptera," and, as so defined, the structures in question cannot be called the praeputium in saw- flies, if the term is to have a general application. Similarly, the designation "manubrium" cannot be used for the processes labeled "pa" in Fig. i, without creating confusion, since the term manubrium is applied to a ventral plate of the abdominal region in Dermaptera, to the anterior projecting portion of the mesoster- num of elaterid beetles, and to the base of the spring in Collem- bola (a usage accepted by most entomologists), thus making it far preferable to use some other term for the structures in ques- tion in the sawflies, if we are to avoid confusion in the established application of the term manubrium. While the designation genital forceps is extremely appropriate for the gonopods, the same term is applied to the forceps-like cerci (which are not homologous with the gonopods) in the Dermap- tera, and since the gonopods of sawflies are not homologous with the cerci of Dermaptera, but are possibly homologous with the structures near the penis in these insects, it is preferable to em- ploy the term gonopods for the genital forceps of sawflies, since they clearly correspond to the structures called gonopods in Mecoptera, Trichoptera, Neuroptera, etc. The term "cochlearium" (which I take to be the Latin word meaning "a spoon"), while very appropriate for the spoon-like or shell-like terminal segment of the gonopods of sawflies, is hardly suitable for the slender, claw-like terminal segment of the gonopods of Mecoptera, etc., which is nothing like a spoon, and since the term harpes has been universally applied to the terminal segments of the gonopods in Lepidoptera, it has seemed preferable to retain the designation harpes for the terminal seg- ments of the gonopods of insects in general. The use of the terms cardo and stipes for the basal ring and the basal segment of the gonopods is greatly to be deplored, since the designations cardo and stipes have always been applied to sclerites of the maxillae, and if we are ever to have a uniform application of terms in ento- mology (as is insisted upon in vertebrate anatomyj, such inde- scriminate usages must be abandoned. On this account, in place of the designations cardo, stipes (pleural "stipites"), and lacinia as 146 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 applied to the parts of the genitalia, I have substituted the designa- tions gonocardo, and gonostipes, and have retained the alternate term volsella (in place of lacinia). It should be borne in mind, however, that the designation "stipes" is usually applied to the entire arm of the "outer forceps" (i. e., the gonopods) in higher Hymenoptera, instead of being restricted to the basal segment of the arm of the "outer forceps," as is the case with the designation "gonostipes." The term sagittae is a very appropriate one for the copulatory ossicles "gl," and I have provisionally adopted this designation for these ossicles, in the present paper, although a subsequent study, with material not at present available to me, may indicate that these ossicles are not homologous with the sagittae of higher Hymenoptera. They were called "gonossiculi" in a former paper. In Mr. Rohwer's table, both the ossicles "gl," and the sclerites "pal" are grouped under the designation sagittae, and Enslin, 1912, in his Fig. 15 of the genitalia of Sir ex, considers them as merely parts of the "innere Haltezang" (or inner forceps). The two, however, are distinct structures, and I have therefore re- stricted the designation sagittae to the ossicles "gl" alone, and I have designated the sclerites "pal" (all figures) as the "volsellae," provisionally homologizing them with the parts called volsellae or "laciniae" in higher Hymenoptera, although subsequent in- vestigations may indicate that this interpretation is not entirely correct. The sclerites "pal" were formerly termed the "parossi- culi." The term "penis" has been retained for the structure formed by the penis valves "pv," in the present paper, since this term is applied to the median structure in higher Hymenoptera as well; although I am not certain that what Mr. Rohwer designates as the penis in sawflies is really the penis, or a sheath enclosing the true penis. The material at present available, however, is not sufficiently well preserved to determine whether the delicate structure occurring within the penis valves of many sawflies is a true penis, or merely the coagulated seminal fluid, and until this point has been definitely determined, I have provisionally ac- cepted Mr. Rohwer's interpretation of the structure formed by the penis valves, as the penis. The following table will serve to briefly summarize the views here expressed regarding the conpositiom of the genital apparatus of male sawflies, and the terms applied to its parts. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 147 Gonocardo, "gg"....Gonocondyle, "b," or basal ring or basal "condyle." Harpes, "eg," or distal segments of gonopods. "Sagittae," "gl," Genitalia < Gonopods, "eg" or copulatory Copulatory or and "gb" . ossicles. genital appar- claspers, or atus of male genital forceps Gonostipes, "gb" "Volsellae,""pal," sawflies. or basal seg- or copulatory ment of gono- sclerites. pods. Parapenes, "Pa." Penisvalvae, "pv," Penis Rods, "pr" plates of pro- or valves compos- cesses on either ing "penis." side of "penis." The following comparison may be of some aid in interpreting the parts here described, in terms of the table given by Mr. Rohwer: I Gonopods, "eu" and "gb" Forcipes (Third gonophyses). (1) Harpes, "eu" Cochlearia. (2) Gonostipes, "gb" Stipes. a. Parapenes, "pa" Praeputium (Manubria). b. Sagittae, "gl" Praeputium. c. Volsellae, "pal" Praeputium. II. Gonocardo, "gg" Cardo. III. Penisvalvae, or Penis, "pv" Second gonopophyses, penis. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 1896 Ashmead. Phylogeny of Hymenoptera. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, 3> P- 323- 1909 Berlese. Gli Insetti. I9i8a Crampton. Terminal Adbominal Structure and Genitalia of Male Apterygota, and Lower Pterygota. Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 13, p. . 49- I9i8b Crampton. Genitalia and Terminal Abdominal Structures of Male Neuroptera, Mecoptera, Psocidae, Diptera, Trichoptera, etc. Psyche, 25, p. 47. 1912 Enslin. Tcnthrcdinoidea Mitteleuropas. Deuts. Ent. Zeitsch., Jg. 1912, Beiheft, p. i. 1867 Gerstaecker. Gattung Oxybelus. Arch. Xaturg., 20. 1837 Hartig. Familien der Blattwespen und Holzwespen. 148 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 1903 Klapalek. Genitalsegmente und Anhaenge bei Trichopteren. Bull, internal. Acad. Sci. Boheme, 8, p. i. 1897 Konow. Systematik der Hymenopteren. Ent. Nachr., 1897, p. 148. 1913 MacGillivray. . Immature Stages of Tenthredinidae. 44 Ann. Rpt. Ent. Soc. Ontario, p. 54. 1918 Newell. Comparative Morphology of Genitalia of Insects. Ann. Ent. Soc. America, u, p. 109. 1912 Rohwer. Notes on Sawflies: Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 43, p. 205. 1915 Rohwer. Remarkable Genus of Cephidae. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washing- ton, 17, p. 114. 1917 Rohwer and Cushman. Idiogastra, New Suborder of Hymenoptera. Ibid., 19, p. 89. ABBREVIATIONS. a Location of anal opening. b Process of basal ring (gonocondyle). c Cerci. dg Dorsomedian caudal groove. eg Harpes, or distal segments of the genital forceps, also termed cochlearia. ep Epiproct, or tergite located above anal opening, regardless of segment it represents, or number of segments composing it. eu Eupenes, or parts of true penis, gb Gonostipes, or basal segment of genital forceps (incorrectly called stipes; . gg Gonocardo, or basal ring of copulatory apparatus (incorrectly called cardo). gl Copulatory ossicles probably homologous with sagittae of higher Hy- menoptera. gm Gonomaculae, or sensory areas, h Hernitergite. ha Hypandrium, or sternite located below male genitalia, regardless of segment to which it belongs. hy Hypoproct, or sternite below anal opening, regardless of segment it represents, or number of primitive segments composing it. Ig Lateral caudal grooves, mp Median plate. p Male genitalia, genital or copulatory apparatus ("copulatoria"). pa Parapenes or parapenis plates, also called praeputium and manubria. pal Probably the volsellae of higher Hymenoptera, (also incorrectly called laciniae). par Paraprocts, or plates on either side of anus, pc Postcornus, or caudal horn above anal opening in many wood-boring forms. pea Postcalli, or Callus-like structures above "anal prolegs." pm Parameres, or structures on either side of true penis. po Puppis, or caudal prolongation of hypandrium. pp Postpedcs, or "anal prolegs." PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUXE, 1919 149 pr Penis rods. pv Penisvlavae, or penis valves which unite to form the so-called penis. Styli, or arthrostyli (segmented styli). t Telonlum, or median terminal filament, v Virga, or chitinized terminal portion of ejaculatory duct. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. The designation "ossicular surface," refers to that surface of the copula- tory apparatus which bears the copulatory ossicles "gl" of all figures. The designation "abossicular surface," refers to that surface of the copulatory apparatus on the side opposite the ossicular surface. The designation "(prim- itively) ventral," refers to that surface of the genital apparatus which was originally ventrally located in the primitive sawflies, and has remained so in the insect in question. The designation "(secondarily) ventral" denotes that surface of the copulatory apparatus which was originally dorsal in the primitive sawflies, but, in the insect in question, has come to occupy a ventral position through a revolution of the copulatory apparatus on its long axis, through 1 80 degrees. Mr. S. A. Rohwer has identified the specimens and has furnished most of the material used in the preparation of this paper. All figures except those of larvae are of male insects. Fig. i. Genitaliaof Cimbex americana, var. luctifera, Klug, abossicular sur- face (secondarily ventral). Fig. 2. Genitalia of Polyselandria flavipes (Nort.), -abossicular surface (secondarily), ventral. Fig. 3. Genitalia of Pteronidea ventralis (Say), abossicular surface (sec- ondarily) ventral? 1 Fig. 4. Genitalia of Tenthredella verticalis (Say), -abossicular surface, (secondarily) ventral. Fig. 5. Genitalia of Hemitaxonus dubitatus (Nort.), abossicular surface (secondarily) ventral. Fig. 6. Genitalia of Cephaleia fascipennis (Cress.), abossicular surface primitively) dorsal. Fig. 7. Genitalia of Xiphydria mellipes (Say), abossicular surface (primi- tively) dorsal. Fig. 8. Genitalia of Cephus cinctus (Nort.), abossicular surface (primi- tively) dorsal. Fig. 9. Genitalia of Perga dorsalis (Leach), abossicular surface (second- arily) ventral? Fig. 10. Genitalia of Eriocampoides amygdalina (Rohwer) (paratype), abossicular surface (secondarily), ventral? 1 The question mark following the designation of the surface of the copulatory apparatus figured, indicates that the genitalia were removed from the insect before it came into my hands, and the designation dorsal or ventral is purely conjectural. 150 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 Fig. ii. Genitalia of Zachizonyx montana (Cress.), abossicular surface (sec- ondarily), ventral? Fig. 12. Gentialia of Philomastix naucarrowi (Froggatt), abossicular sur- face (secondarily), ventral? Fig. 13. Genitalia of Pterygophorus cinctus (Klug), abossicular surface secondarily), ventral? Fig. 14. Genitalia of Cimbex americana, var. luctifera (Klug), ossicular surface (secondarily), dorsal. Fig. i5. 2 Genitalia of Polyselandria flavipes (Nort.), ossicular surface (sec- ondarily), dorsal. Fig. 16. Genitalia of Pteronidea ventralis (Say), ossicular surface (second- arily), dorsal? Fig. 17. Genitalia of Tenthredella verticalis (Say), ossicular surface (sec- ondarily) dorsal. Fig. 18. Genitalia of Hemitaxonus dubitatus (Nort.), ossicular surface (sec- ondarily) dorsal. Fig. 19. Genitalia of Cephaleia fascipennis (Cress.), ossicular surface (primitively) ventral. Fig. 20. Genitalia of Xiphydria mellipes (Say), ossicular surface (primi- tively) ventral. Fig. 21. Genitilia of Cephus cinctus (Nort.), ossicular surface (primitively) ventral. Fig. 22. Genitalia of Perga dorsalis (Leach), ossicular surface (secondarily) dorsal. Fig 23. Genitalia of Eriocampoides amygdalina, Rohwer (paratype) ossicu- lar surface (secondarily), dorsal? Fig. 24. Genitalia of Zachizonyx montana (Cress.), ossicular surface, (sec- darily) dorsal? Fig. 25. Genitalia of Philomastix naucarrowi (Froggatt), ossicular surface, (secondarily) dorsal? Fig. 26. Genitalia of Pterygophorus cinctus (Klug), ossicular surface, (sec- darily) dorsal? Fig. 27. Genitalia of Megaxyela aenea (Nort.), abossicular surface, (primi- tively) dorsal. Fig. 28. Genitalia of Megaxyela aenea (Nort.), ossicular surface, (primi- tively) ventral. Fig. 29. Styli and genitalia of ephemerid Blastunis cupidus, male, ventral view. Fig. 30. Parameres and penis of apterygotan (Machilis polypoda, male, ventral view (after Crampton, igiSa). Fig. 31. Terminal segments and gonopods of Mecopteron Xannochorista dipteroides, male, dorsal view (from Crampton, 191 8b, after Tillyard). - The upper right hand label "pa" in Fig. 15 should read "pal." PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, IQIQ Fig. 32. Genitalia of Cephaleia frontalis (Westw.), -ossicular surface (primi- tively) ventral. Fig. 33. Genitalia of Pamphilius persicus (MacG.), ossicular surface (primitively) ventral? Fig. 34. Genitalia of Dermapteron (Euplexopteron) Echinosoma occidental*, ventral view. Fig- 35- Terminal segments and gonopods of Mecopteron Merope tuber, male, dorsal view (after Crampton, 19180). Fig. 36. Genitalia of Tremex columba (Linn.), ossicular surface, (primi- tively) ventral. Fig. 37. Genitalia of Oryssus sayii (Westw.), abossicular surface? (primi- tively) dorsal? Fig. 38. Genitalia of Oryssus sayii (Westw.), ossicular surface? (primi- tively) ventral? Fig. 39. Genitalia of Dolerus collaris (Say), abossicular surface, (second- arily) ventral. Fig. 40. Genitalia of Dolerus collaris (Say), ossicular surface, (secondarily) dorsal. Fig. 41. Genitalia of Tremex columba (Linn.), abossicular surface, (primi- tively) dorsal. Fig. 42. Terminal structures of Oryssus sayii (Westw.), male, lateral view. Fig. 43. Terminal structures of larva of Pteronidea, lateral view. Fig. 44. Terminal structures of larva of Neurotoma, lateral view. Fig. 45. Genitalia of Sirex edwardsii abossicular surface (primitively) dorsal. Fig. 46. Terminal structures of Xiphydria mellipes (Say), male, lateral view. Fig. 47. Terminal structures of larva of Tremex columba (Linn.), lateral view. Fig. 48. Terminal structures of larva of Cephus, lateral view. Fig. 49. Terminal structures of Tremex columba (Linn.), male, lateral view. Fig. 50. Terminal structures of Hemitaxonus dubitatus (Nort.), male, lateral view. Fig. 51. Terminal structures of larva of Megaxyela, lateral view. Fig. 52. Terminal structures of Trichopteron Philopotamus sp., male, lateral view. Fig. 53. Genitalia of Sirex edwardsii ossicular surface (primitively) ven- tral. Fig. 54. Terminal segments, dorsal view, Xiphidria mellipes, Say. Fig- 55- Terminal structures of Cephus cinctus (Nort.), male, lateral view. Fig. 56. Terminal structures of Megaxyela aenea (Nort.), male, lateral view. Fig. 57. Terminal ventral segments of Megaxyela aenea (Nort.), male. Fig. 58. Terminal structures of ephemerid Heptagenia inter punctate, male, lateral view (after Crampton, PLATE 9 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21 CRAMPTON CHALASTOGASTROUS GENITALIA PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21 PLATE 1" CRAMPTOX CHALASTOGASTROUS GEXITALIA PLATE 1 1 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21 CRAMPTON CHALASTOGASTROUS GENITALIA PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21 I'l.ATK 12 URAMPTOX CHALASTOGASTROUS C.IIXITAI.IA 156 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, XO. 6, JUNE, 1919 DESCRIPTION OF A NEW CYNIPOID FROM TRINIDAD. BY S. A. ROHWER, Bureau of Entomology. Diglyphosema anastrephae, new species. In Dalla Torre and Kieffer (1910 Das Tier. p. 245), this species runs best to Diglyphosema flavipes Ashmead, but there are many differences from that species. The wings are bare and the sculp- ture of the scutellum is different. There is some doubt in my mind as to the generic position, but in structure it is similar to Jiavipes Ashmead. Female. Length, 2 mm. Length of antennae, 2 mm. Head polished without sculpture; face with two impressed, slightly diverging, lines above the cypeus; inner margins of the eyes evenly rounded so they are closest together a short distance below the antennae; lateral ocelli placed on sides of elevations so they look laterally; postocellar line subequal with ocellocular line; seen from above the posterior orbits sharply converge and then become parallel; seen from the side the posterior margin of the head is angulate a short distance below the top of the eyes; antennae 13-jointed; scape and pedicellum of subequal length; third joint longer than fourth or fifth and about one-fourth shorter than the scape and pedicellum combined; joints beyond the fourth strongly moniliform and striate, the apical joints wider than the basal joints; apical joint one-fifth longer than the preceding; pro- notum truncate anteriorly and carinate, lateral angles dentate and with two dorsal teeth medianly; mesonotum polished; basin of scutellum rather large nearly circular in outline; scutellum carinate laterally, the lateral carinae extended so the apex is subdentate; dorsal surface of scutellum with radiating rugae from the raised basin; posterior face of scutellum reticulate; propodeum seen from behind hexagonal, shining with dense hairs medianly; mesopleurae polished ; anterior margin of second abdominal segment trun- cate, foveolate laterally ; wings bare; venation weak, apical abscissa of subcosta present but not attaining margin of wing. Black; mandibles and legs (except infuscate hind femora) rufous; wings hyaline. Male. Length 1.75 mm. Length of antennae 2 mm. Agrees well with female; antennae 15-jointed, flagellum strongly moniliform and striate, the median joints somewhat compressed. Type locality. Trinidad, B. W. I. Described from five fe- males (one type) and one male reared in June and July, 1917, from Anastrepha sp. by F. W. Urich and recorded under his numbers F-I3 and F-i6. Type. Cat. No. 22029, U. S. Nat. Mus. If the base of the abdomen can be said to have a hair ring (there is a hair band laterally but it is not complete) this species will go to Lytosema Kieffer. Actual Date of Publication, June 18, 1919. VOL. 21 OCTOBER 1919 No. 7 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON CONTENTS GAHAN, A. B. DESCRIPTIONS OF SEVEN NEW SPECIES OF OPIUS (HYMENOP- TERA BRACONIDAE) 161 HERBERT, FRANK B. A NEW SPECIES OF MATSUCOCCUS FROM PINES IN CALIFORNIA (HEMIP.-HOMOP.) 157 TAKAHASHI, RYOICHI NOTES ON SOME JAPANESE APHIDIDAE 173 WICKHAM, H. F. SCAPHINOTUS (PSEUDONOMARETUS) MANNII N. SP. (COLEOPTERA CARABIDAE) 170 PUBLISHED MONTHLY EXCEPT JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, 1912. Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1 103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ORGANIZED MARCH 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 p.m. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the PROCEEDINGS and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over that submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1919. Honorary President E. A. SCHWARZ President E. R. SASSCER First Vice-President W. R. WALTON Second Vice-President A. B. GAHAN Recording Secretary R. A. CUSHMAN Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer ._ S. A. ROHWER U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Editor A. C. BAKER East Falls Church, Va. Representing the Society as a Vice- President of the Washington Academy of Sciences.. . .S. A. ROHWER EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. THE OFFICERS. A. N. CAUDELL. A. L. QUAINTANCE. CHAS. R. ELY. PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at Easton, Pa., and Washington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Do- mestic, $4.00 per annum; foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological Society of Washington. Advertising rates on application to the Corresponding Secretary. 'Authors of leading articles in the PROCEEDINGS will be entitled to 25 separates of each contribution, free of charge, provided the Editor is notified before page proof is returned. Additional copies may be had at rates fixed by the Society. Certain charges are made on illustrations and there are rules and suggestions governing the make-up of articles published. Con- tributors may secure information on these points by application to the Editor or Corresponding Secretary. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOL. 21 OCTOBER, 1919 No. 7 A NEW SPECIES OF MATSUCOCCUS FROM PINES IN CALIFORNIA (HEMIP.-HOMOP.). BY FRANK B. HERBERT, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. Coccidae Subfamily Margarodinae. Matsucoccus fasciculensis, new species. Adult Female. 3 to 3.5 mm. long and 1 to 1.4 mm. broad, elongate oval somewhat narrowed anteriorly (Plate 14, H.). In life the insect is of a brownish color, with margin of abdomen and appendages tinged with yellow. The derm is rough or crinkled. Antennae are transversely striate, nine- segmented, bases approximate. The first segment is large, slightly longer than broad, 2nd nearly as broad but much shorter, the remaining segments becoming successively more slender, each being widest near the outer end. Each segment bears three or more slender spines, segments 5 to 9 each also bear two heavier spines (Plate 14, C.). Legs are moderately large, trans- versely striated, the tarsus attached at the apex of the tibia and strongly curved outward. Trochanter bears one long spine, the femur, tibia and tarsus each bear a number of small spines. There are no digitules borne on the tip of the tibia as in the genus Kuwania but instead the tarsus bears two hair-like digitules and the tarsal claw two knobbed digitules (Plate 14, D.). Eyes are present, mouthparts sometimes present. There are seven abdominal and two thoracic pairs of spiracles from each of which 8 or more tracheae arise (Plate 14, G.). The dorsum of the abdomen bears transverse rows of large, simple pores (Plate 14, F.), while both the dorsum and the venter bear internal ducts, which, viewed from above, have the appearance of 8-shaped pores (Plate 14, E-). Small spines are present on both the dor- sum and venter. Without a marsupium. Anal tube absent, anal ring not discernible. Larva, first stage. Body is oval, acute at both ends (Plate 13, E.). An- tennae are approximate, 7-segmented, segment 1 is large and broad, 2, 4 and 6 are long, 3 and 5 are short, 7 is medium, segment 2 bears 3 long spines and 4 and 6 each bear 2 broad stiff spines, 7 bears 4 long spines on its tip (Plate 13, D.). The legs are rather small, the femur broad, the tibia and tarsus slender, the latter bearing two knobbed digitules (Plate 13, C.). The trochanter bjars one slender spine. Segmentation of the abdomen is distinct. There are 157 PLATE 13 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21 F HERBERT MATSUCOCCUS FASCICULENvSIS PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21 PLATIi 14 HERBERT MATSUCOCCUS FASCICULENSIS 160 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 7, OCT., 1919 seven pairs of abdominal spiracles, resembling a row of buttons on each side of the abdomen, with smaller button-like processes alternating between them (Plate 13, B.). There are also two pairs of thoracic spiracles. The tip of the abdomen is truncate, bearing a long slender seta on each side. The derm, especially of the abdomen, is lineate. The cast skins of the first stage are similar except that the cephalothorax is enormously extended and rounding (Plate 13, F.). Larva, second stage. -Cast skins only have been found: these resemble those of the first stage in every way, except that they are very much larger. Larva, third stage. -Without eyes, legs or antennae (Plate 14, A.). The spiracles are large and conspicuou , 7 abdominal and 2 thoracic being pres- ent. They are surrounded by a number of small ducts and are set at the inner end of rather long slanting tubes (Plate 14, B.). In life, wax threads extend from these tubes inclining posteriorly. The derm is somewhat chit- inized. The anal tube is absent, anal ring not discernible. Mouthparts present in all larval stages. Parts well separated, the in- ternal framework being central with the mentum considerably posterior to it. Male . -Unknown . Types. Holotype, an adult female (Hopk., U. S. No. 15406B), mounted with the immature stages of the same individual, from within the fascicles of digger pine (Pinus sabiniana) needles, Mt. St. Helena, California. Paratypes of adults and larvae (Hopk., U. S. Nos. 15406B, 15409B and 15813A) from within the fascicles of digger pine and yellow pine (P. ponderosd) needles, Mt. St.. Helena and Placerville, California. Author, collector. Holotype and paratypes in the National Collection of Coccidae. Paratypes also in Forest Insect Collection at Los Gatos, California. Besides the above localities, it has been taken recently on digger pine at The Pinnacles, San Benito County, California, by Mr. G. F. Ferris. This is a most peculiar coccid occurring in the very interesting and peculiar subfamily, Margarodinae. According to Mr. Ku- wana's description and figures of Matsucoccus matsumurac (Kuwana), this new scale is apparently quite closely related to it in this genus. The adult is especially similar in the transversely striated legs and antennae, and the larva in the odd shaped antennae. This is the second species of the genus Matsucoccus Cockerel!, and is the first representative of the genus in America. The author has also seen an undescribed species of this genus in Mr. G. F. Ferris' possession, taken on Pinus monophylla, which forms a connecting link between fasciculensis and matsu- initnie, lacking several of the peculiarities of the former. Were it not for this undescribed species, fasciculensis would appear to be distinct enough to belong to a separate genus. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 7, OCT., 1919 l6l In life, this scale is usually found between the pine needles just at the point where they emerge from the sheath. Occa- sionally specimens are found within the fascicular binding or out on the needles not over an inch away. They are usually on the needles which are one and two years old. There is no doubt whatever about the last three stages for the adult female has been found within the apodous form, the latter having the cast skin of the preceding stage covering the posterior part of the body. A smaller cast skin, presumably of this indi- vidual, was beneath. There is a decided difference in the size of these two cast skins which also would indicate that there are two larval stages preceding the apodous form. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. Plate 13. Matsucoccus fasciculensis, n. sp. A. Several individuals situated in a fascicle of pine needles. (Enlarged.) B. vSpiracles and alternate button-like processes of first stage larva, side and top view. (Very much enlarged.) C. Leg of first stage larva. (Very much enlarged.) D. Antenna of first stage larva. (Very much enlarged.) E. First stage larva, vantral view. (Greatly enlarged.) F . Cast skin of first stage larva, ventral view. (Much enlarged.) Drawn by F. B. HERBERT. Plate 14. Matsucoccus fasciculensis, n. sp. A. Apodus form or third stage larva, ventral view. (Much enlarged.) B. Spiracle of apodous form, top and side view. (Very much enlarged.) C. Antenna of adult female. (Very much enlarged.) D. Leg of adult female. (Very much enlarged.) E. Duct of adult female, which, viewed from above, has the appearance of an 8-shaped pore. (Very much enlarged.) F. Large simple pores of adult female. (Very much enlarged.) G. Spiracle and tracheae of adult female. (Very much enlarged.) H. Adult female, ventral view. (Much enlarged.) Drawn by F. B. HERBERT. DESCRIPTIONS OF SEVEN NEW SPECIES OF OPIUS iHYMENOP- TERA-BRACONIDAE . BY A. B. GAHAN, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. This paper contains descriptions of seven new species belonging to the genus Opius. Types of five of the new species are from 162 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 7, OCT., 1919 continental North America while types of the other two species are from Trinidad, British West Indies. In order to indicate relationship and facilitate identification, the place at which each species runs out in the writer's previously published key to the North American species of the genus Opius (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 49, 1915, pp. 68-72) is given at the beginning of each description. Opius cupidus, new species. In the writer's key to species of Opius (I. c.) this species runs to category 24 and agrees best with the first alternate of that couplet. It is at once distinguished from provancheri Dalla Torre, how- ever, by the fact that the recurrent nervure is interstitial with first intercubitus instead of joining the second cubital cell; and also by the fact that the thorax, with the exception of the meso- sternum and propodeum, is reddish testaceous like the head. Resembles canaliculatus Gahan, but differs in that the median impression on the mesoscutum is not nearly so elongate, the pro- podeum lacks the transverse carina near base, and the first ter- gite is different. Female. Length 3 mm. Head viewed from above more than twice as broad as long; ocellocular line more than three tirnes the length of the greatest diameter of an ocellus; vertex and frons polished; face polished, moderately hairy, with weak setigerous punctures and a distinct median ridge; malar space about equal to the width of mandible at base; clypeus with sparse, irregular punctures and separated from the mandibles by a narrow trans- verse opening; eyes ovate, moderate in size, and broader than the posterior orbits; antennae inserted opposite the middle of the eyes, 34-jointed in the type, the first two flagellar joints subequal and approximately two and one- half times as long as thick, following joints shorter but all distinctly longer than broad. Thorax polished, very sparsely hairy, the mesoscutum and scutellum mostly bare above, the former with a few pale hairs on the an- terior portion and a very few posteriorly on each side of the short, elliptical median depression; parapsidal grooves foveolate and deeply impressed at the anterior lateral angles of the mesoscutum, entirely effaced on the pos- terior two-thirds of the mesoscutum; transverse groove separating the scu- tellum from mesoscutum broad, deep, and strongly crenulate; mesopleura with a broad and strongly crenulate longitudinal depression below the mid- dle; propodeum irregularly rugoso-punctate, with an incomplete and poorly defined median longitudinal carina basally; wings with the stigma broad; first radial abscissa about equal to one-half the width of stigma, second abscissa approximately one and one-fourth times the length of the first inter- cubitus; radial cell rather broad and terminating some distance before extreme wing-apex; recurrent nervure exactly interstitial; first brachial cell closed PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 7, OCT., 1919 163 at apex; second cubital cell slightly narrowed toward apex. Abdomen about as long as thorax, broadly elliptical ; first tergite bicarinate basally, depressed between the carinae, the apical half broadly elevated and aciculate-punctate medially", the lateral margins smooth; tergites beyond the first smooth and polished; ovipositor concealed from above, retracted within the large cavity formed by the last dorsal and last ventral segments. Spot enclosed by ocelli, eyes, antennae entirely, prothorax beneath, mesosternum and lower part of mesopleura, metathorax, propodeum, first tergite, and ovipositor sheaths, black; palpi, all tarsi, and more or less of the abdomen beneath blackish; wings faintly fuscous on basal half, subhyaline on apical half, the veins and stigma blackish; remainder of the insect reddish testaceous. Type locality. New York City, New York. Type. Cat. No. 22373, U. S. Nat. Mus. Type and one female paratype labelled "Collected on beet; New York, N. Y.; July 11, 1916; H. B. Shaw, collector; Chittenden Number 4972 Ol ." Also one female paratype labelled "Parasite, on Pegomyia hyoscyami Panzer; Brooklyn, N. Y.; August 9, 191S; Montague Free, collector." Opius turneri, new species. In the writer's previously mentioned key to species of Opius (1. c.) this species runs to category 50 where it agrees with the first character of the second alternate but not with the second character of that alternate, the propodeum being broadly pol- ished medially. Besides the differently sculptured propodeum it differs from oscinidis Ashmead by having the mesopleural impression not crenulate, the first tergite granularly sculptured instead of irregularly striate, and the cavity between mandibles and clypeus more distinct. From americanus Gahan it differs in addition to the differently sculptured propodeum, by lacking the tooth on ventral margin of mandible, by the distinct cavity between clypeus and mandibles, and by the much more weakly sculptured first and second tergites. Resembles bruneipes Gahan but is at once distinguished by the sculptured first and second tergites and the partially sculptured propodeum. Female. Length 1.25 mm. Head viewed from above more than twice as broad as long; ocellocular line more than twice the diameter of an ocellus; head polished, impunctate, the face very sparsely hairy, without punctures and without a distinct median ridge; malar space a little shorter than the basal width of mandible; cavity between clypeus and mandibles transverse- linear but distinct; eyes ovate, moderately large, about twice as wide as the posterior orbits; antennae inserted above the middle of eyes, 22-jointed in type, the first flagellar joint fully three times as long as thick, following joints gradually decreasing in length but none less than twice as long as thick. 164 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 7, OCT., 1919 Thorax polished, nearly glabrous; mesoscutum without a median dimple posteriorly, and without parapsidal grooves except at the extreme anterior lateral angles where they are barely indicated; transverse groove separating mesoscutum and scutellum foveolate; mesopleural impression weak and smooth; propodeum polished medially, distinctly though finely sculptured laterally; forewing with the stigma long and narrow; first radial abscissa very short, not much longer than thick, second abscissa nearly twice the first intercubitus, third abscissa distinctly longer than the first and second combined and attaining the wing margin considerably before the extreme wing-apex; recurrent vein nearly interstitial; second cubital cell narrowing apically; first brachial cell closed at apex. Abdomen as long as the thorax; first tergite granularly opaque and without carinae; coalesced second and third tergites without a distinct separating suture, weakly sculptured on the basal half, with two short oblique furrows diverging from middle of the anterior margin, posterior half and all of the following tergites smooth; tip of ovipositor barely visible from above. Black; scape, mandibles, palpi, legs including all coxae, first tergite and greater part of the coalesced second and third tergites pale reddish testaceous; abdomen except as noted blackish brown; tarsal claws black, hind tibiae and tarsi slightly fuscous; wings hyaline, veins and stigma dark brownish. Male. Similar in every way to the female, the allotype antennae 23- jointed. Type locality. Greenwood, Mississippi. Type Cat. No. 22734, U. S. Nat. Mus. Three females and one male reared from dipterous leaf-miner on cowpeas, July 31, 1916, by C. F. Turner and recorded under Greenwood No. 385. The species is named for the collector. Opius downesi, new species. This species runs in the writer's classification of the Opiinae (1. c.) to category 48 of the key to females of the genus Opius but does not agree with either alternate on account of the ovi- positor which is exserted distinctly more than half the length of abdomen. It also differs from all of the species included under category 48 of the key by the fact that the mesoscutum has a deep, nearly circular median impression posteriorly in front of the scutellum. Female. Length 3 mm. Head viewed from above more than twice as broad as long; ocellocular line about three times the diameter of the lateral ocellus; vertex and frons polished; face polished, sparsely hairy, with very faint setigerous punctures and a distinct median longitudinal ridge; malar space slightly shorter than the width of mandible at base; mandibles fitting close to clypeus, without an opening between; eyes moderately large, ovate; antennae inserted above the middle of face, 36-jointed in the type. Thorax PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. J, OCT., 1919 165 polished and moderately hairy; mesoscutum with a distinct deep dimple- like impression posteriorly, the parapsidal grooves distinctly impressed at the lateral anterior angles of mesoscutum but mostly effaced on the dorsum; mesopleura smooth, without a distinct impression below the middle; pro- podeum rugoso-punctate, opaque, without longitudinal carinae; stigma of forewing long and narrow; radial cell long, terminating slightly before the extreme wing-apex; first abscissa of radius distinctly longer than the width of stigma opposite, second abscissa approximately one and one-half times as long as the first intercubitus ; second cubital cell long, not narrowed at apex; recurrent nervure joining the second cubital cell, the abscissa of cubitus between first intercubitus and recurrent vein nearly as long as the nervulus, first brachial cell closed at apex; abdomen about as long as the thorax; ovate, first tergite about as long as broad at apex, distinctly though rather irregularly longitudinally striate, and bicarinate basally; coalesced second and third tergites with the suturiform articulation distinct though not deeply impressed; second tergite throughout and basal one-third of third tergite strongly longitudinally striate, the striae terminating abruptly; apical two-thirds of the third tergite and all of the following tergites polished ; ovipositor protruding beyond the apex of abdomen approximately four- fifths the length of abdomen. General color blackish; head, antennal flagel- lum, dorsum of thorax, propodeum, and ovipositor sheaths black; the pos- terior middle of mesoscutum and region surrounding scutellum more or less piceous; first tergite for the most part, lateral margins of second arid third tergites, apex of third and the following tergites entirely, piceous or black- ish; scape, pedicel, more or less of clypeus, mandibles except at apex, pro- notum, pleura for the most part, legs including all coxae, and the abdomen except as noted, fusco-testaceous to reddish testaceous; hind tibiae and apical joint of all tarsi fuscous; wings hyaline, venation blackish with the base of the veins paler. Male unknown. -Type locality. Victoria, British Columbia. Type. Cat. No. 22372, U. S. Nat. Mus. Host. Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh. Described from four female specimens reared by Mr. W. Dowries, of the Canadian Department of Agriculture, from pupae of the above-named host. A single paratype deposited in the national collection of the Dominion of Canada at Ottawa, Canada. Holotype and two paratypes in the U. S. Nat. Mus. Named in honor of the collector. Opius richmondi, new species. Runs to category 22 in the writer's key (1. c.) and agrees fairly well with the first alternate. The infuscation on the wing is very faint, however, while the ovipositor is exserted slightly more than the full length of the abdomen. This species is still further i66 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 7, OCT., 1919 distinguished from fuscipennis Gahan by the fact that the vertex is not so strongly arched above the top of eyes, the eyes are larger, the flagellar joints are all distinctly longer than broad, the ocelli are much larger, and the propodeum is more rugosely sculptured. It may be separated from all of the species falling under category 21 of the key by the much longer ovipositor. Female. -Length 2.5 mm. Head viewed from above more than twice as broad as long; ocelli rather large; ocellocular line about two and one-half times the diameter of an ocellus; vertex and frons polished and rather more than ordinarily hairy, the hairs pale yellowish; face moderately hairy, shin- ing, with conspicuous setigerous punctures, and a broad, low, median ridge; malar space approximately equal to width of mandible; cavity be- tween clypeus and mandibles rather broad and transverse; eyes moderately large, ovate; antennae inserted a little above the middle of eyes, 34-jointed; first flagellar joint about two and one-half times as long as broad; following joints gradually decreasing in length and thickness, those near the apex one and one-half to two times as long as broad; thorax polished, with rather conspicuous pubescence; mesoscutum with a slit-like depression posteriorly, extending from the middle to near the posterior margin; parapsidal grooves deeply impressed anteriorly for about one-third the length of mesoscutum, entirely effaced beyond; transverse suture separating mesoscutum and scu- tellum with about five carinae, the median one more conspicuous than the others; mesopleura smooth with the impression below the middle distinctly crenulate; propodeum coarsely rugose with a distinct, irregular, transverse carina before the middle; stigma of forewing moderately broad, sub triangular ; radial cell long, terminating slightly before the extreme wing-apex; first abscissa of radius slightly shorter than the width of stigma; second abscissa approximately one and one-third times the length of first intercubitus ; third abscissa much longer than the first and second combined; recurrent vein joining the second cubital cell; second cubital cell narrowed apically; first brachial cell closed at apex; abdomen about as long as thorax, elliptical; first tergite strongly bicarinate on the basal half, more weakly so on the apical half, the space between carinae on the apical half elevated and weakly rugulose; laterad of carinae practically smooth; tergites beyond the first smooth and polished, sparsely hairy; ^ovipositor exserted the length of the abdomen, measured from the base apparently nearly as long as head and thorax combined. Color uniformly dark reddish testaceous; eyes and ovi- positor sheaths black; antennae brownish black, the base of scape paler; wings faintly fuscous on basal half, the apical half hyaline, stigma and veins dark brown. Male. Essentially like the female but with the vertex, occiput, and thorax very dark reddish, almost piceous. Type locality. Cherryfield, Maine. Type. Cat. No. 22375, U. S. Nat. Mus. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 7, OCT., IQIQ 167 Described from three females and one male received from Mr. E. Avery Richmond, and said to have been swept on the blue- berry "Barrens" at Cherryfield, Maine, by Mr. W. Colcord Woods, August 20, 1915. This species occurs coincidentally with Optus melleus Gahan (= Boisteres rhagoletis Richmond, as already pointed out by the writer in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, 1919, p. 123) and may have the same host, viz., Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh. Specimens of melleus are in my possession swept by Mr. Woods on the same date and apparently at the same place as the types of richmondi. In his account of the blueberry insects of Maine (Maine Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 244, 1915, p. 203) Mr. Woods makes mention of having swept Opius melleus on August 20, 1915, but does not mention the occurrence of another species. Since melleus and richmondi are superficially quite similar it is possible that Mr. Woods' observations and remarks may have been based in part on richmondi. While superficially alike the two species are quite distinct and easily separated by the fact that in melleus the second abscissa of cubitus is no longer than first intercubitus, the parapsidal grooves are complete, the second tergite is distinctly striated, and the ovipositor is exserted the length of the body. Opius lectus, new species. This species, like richmondi (ante), runs to category 22 in the writer's key (1. c.) and is very similar to both fuscipennis and richmondi. It differs from fuscipennis by having the eyes and ocelli larger, vertex less strongly arched above the top of eyes, posterior orbits less than one -half the width of eye, basal half of wing very faintly infuscated, propodeum a little more rugosely sculptured, and the head and thorax in part black. It may be distinguished from richmondi by the following description. Female. Length 3 mm. Setigerous punctures of the face distinct though small; malar space shorter than width of mandible at base; antennae 33- jointed in the type; flagellar joints thicker than in richmondi, those in middle of flagellum barely longer than broad; stigma broad; first radial abscissa about half as long as the width of stigma; second abscissa very slightly more than one and one-third times the length of first intercubitus; ovipositor exserted about one-third the length of abdomen, measured from base prob- ably not as long as the abdomen. Antennal flagellum, eyes, frons and ver- tex except a broad orbital line, occiput medially, prothorax for the most part, mesopleura, metathorax, propodeum, more or less of first tergite, ovi- positor sheaths and tarsal claws black; abdomen beyond the third tergite tinged with brownish, remainder of body and legs dark reddish testaceous; 168 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 7, OCT., 1919 wings faintly infuscated on basal half, hyaline apically, venation blackish. Otherwise agrees with the description of richmondi. Male. -Like female except that the black on frons is confined to a large rounded spot embracing the anterior ocellus and confluent above with the black on vertex; the propodeum is largely concolorous with mesoscutum and lacks a definite transverse carina, while the spiracles of first tergite are more prominent than in the female. Type locality. Cherryfield, Maine. Type. Cat. No. 2237S, U. S. Nat. Mus. Two females and one male received from E. Avery Richmond, who states that they were swept by Mr. W. Colcord Woods, August 26, 1915, on the blueberry "barrens" at Cherryfield, Maine. The types of this species were apparently collected at the same time and under the same conditions as those of Optus richmondi. The remarks appended to the description of the latter species would therefore apply equally to this one and the species may be parasitic on Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh. Opius trinidadensis, new species. This species is at once distinguished by its large size and lack of sculpture from the blackish species included by Brues and Richardson in their key to known species of Opius inhabiting South and Central America (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 32, 1913, p. 502). In the writer's key (1. c.) it runs to crawfordi Viereck, and is very closely related to that species but may be distinguished by slight differences in the clypeus as well as by the color of the mesoscutum. Female. Length 5.5 mm.; length of ovipositor 6 mm. Head viewed from above fully twice as broad as long; ocellocular line approximately two and one-half times the diameter of an ocellus; ocellar triangle distinctly elevated and bounded laterally by shallow grooves; posterior orbits equal to about half the eye-width; frons and vertex polished with very few hairs; vertex nearly straight, not arched above the top of eyes; face rather thickly hairy, shining, with distinct setigerous punctures, and a strong median, longitudinal ridge extending from the antennal fossae to the middle of clypeus ; anterior margin of clypeus very slightly angulated at the middle and at each lateral angle; these angulations similar to those in crawfordi but less prominent; malar space slightly longer than width of mandible at base; cavity between the clypeus and mandibles transverse, about half as broad as the median length of clypeus; antennae inserted far above the middle of eyes, longer than body, 54-jointed, the flagellar joints all longer than broad; thorax polished; mesoscutum with distinct, complete, non-foveolate, PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 7, OCT., IQIQ 169 parasidal grooves and broadly depressed posteriorly but without a median dimple-like impression before scutellum; transverse suture between meso- scutum and scutellum crossed by only one carina ; mesopleura smooth, without a distinct impression below the middle ; propodeum polished and glabrous above, more or less weakly sculptured and thickly hairy on the posterior half; pro- podeal spiracles at the anterior end of a distinct shallow depression; abdomen about as long as head and thorax combined, smooth and polished throughout; first tergite strongly bicarinate from base to near apex and distinctly longer than broad; stigma of forewing broad; radial cell terminating some distance before the extreme wing-apex; first radial abscissa equal to about half the width of stigma; second abscissa twice as long as first and a little shorter than the first intercubitus; recurrent vein interstitial; second cubital cell narrowed towards apex; first brachial cell closed. Antennae, head except mouth, mesoscutum, tegulae, legs for the most part, ovipositor sheaths, and the venation, black or blackish; clypeus, mandibles except apex, front coxae, median coxae on inner side, fore and median tarsi except apical joint, pale testaceous; wings uniformly dark fuscous; remainder of thorax and the abdomen very dark reddish testaceous. Male. Length 5 mm. In other respects agrees with the description of female. Type locality. Trinidad, British West Indies. Type. Cat. No 22376, U. S. Nat. Mus. Hosts. -Anastrepha striata Schiner and A. serpentina Wiede- mann. Described from five females and four males reared in June and July by F. W. Urich, from the two above-named Trypetids. This species may be only a geographic race of crawfordi Viereck. Opius cereus, new species. Runs in the writer's key (1. c.) to category 6 where it disagrees with the first alternate by having the second tergite not striated 'and it will not agree with the second alternate, since the wings are hyaline. In Brues and Richardson's key (1. c.) it runs to areolatus Szepligetti and differs from the description of that species mainly in slight color characters. Male. -Length 4 mm. Head viewed from above transverse, fully twice as broad as long; frons and vertex polished, rather more than ordinarily hairy, the former with distinct, though small, setigerous punctures; vertex nearly straight, and only slightly elevated above the top of eyes; ocellocular line about three times the diameter of an ocellus; face shining, distinctly hairy, with distinct setigerous punctures and a low broad median ridge; malar space distinctly longer than the width of mandible at base; anterior margin of clypeus sinuate, slightly angulated at the middle and at each lateral angle, separated from the mandibles by a narrow transverse cavity; 1 70 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 7, OCT., 1919 eyes moderately large, ovate; posterior orbits equal to half the width of eye; antennae inserted slightly above the middle of eyes, 48-jointed in the type, the flagellar joints all distinctly much longer than thick; thorax pol- ished, sparsely hairy; mesoscutum with the parapsidal grooves complete, deep, broad, and non-foveolate ; transverse groove separating the meso- scutum from scutellum deep, with one longitudinal carina in the middle; mesopleura smooth, the impression below the middle non-foveolate; pro- podeum thickly covered with pale yellowish hairs, rugulose-punctate, with a short strong median carina anteriorly and distinctly areolated on the pos- terior face; the areolation comprised mainly of an elongate pentagonal me- dian area extending from a little before the middle to the posterior margin and on either side of this a broader, deeply depressed, irregularly shaped area which is limited outwardly by a strong curved carina that runs from the posterior nearly to the anterior margin; propodeal spiracles on low tubercles, stigma of forewing rather long and moderately broad ; radial cell long, termi- nating considerably before the extreme wing-apex; first abscissa of radius about equal to the breadth of stigma; second abscissa one and one-half times the first abscissa and slightly shorter than the first intercubitus; third radial abscissa fully twice as long as the first and second combined, nearly straight; recurrent nerve interstitial; second cubital cell narrowed toward apex; first brachial cell completely closed; posterior wing with a very distinct post- nervellus; abdomen about as long as thorax; first tergite smooth, strongly bicarinate on the basal half, the carinae fading out slightly behind the mid- dle; tergites beyond the first entirely smooth and polished; coalesced second and third tergites showing no trace of the suturiform articulation. General color pale reddish testaceous; antennae, apex of mandibles, eyes, ocellar triangle, tegulae, hind tibiae except a broad median band, their tarsi, and the apex of abdomen above, black or blackish; wings hyaline, with veins and stigma black. Type locality. Trinidad, British West Indies. Type. Cat. No 22377, U. S. Nat. Mus. Host. Anastrepha species. Described from three males reared in June, 1917, by F. W. Urich. SCAPHINOTUS (PSEUDONOMARETUS) MANNII N. SP. (COLEOPTERA CARABEDAE). By H. F. WICKHAM. Elongate, not very convex, minutely pubescent, elytral disk distinctly flattened, sutural region impressed. Black, faintly tinged with brown, scarcely shining, minutely alutaceous, beneath piceous. Head very long, the genae slightly more prominent than the eyes which are small and circular, only a little protruding, emargination of labrum very deep, apices of the processes PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. J, OCT., 1919 171 with golden yellow pubescence, supra-antennal ridges strong, parallel behind the antennal insertion but, viewed from above, slightly convergent in front of it. Immediately behind the eyes is a very faint constriction posterior to which the neck gradually becomes a little wider. The vertex shows a few inconspicuous transverse wrinkles but there are no punctures on the head except the setigerous ones. Prothorax impunctate, length, along median line, almost exactly equal to its greatest breadth, narrowly cord form, base slightly narrower than the apex, broadest a little in front of the middle whence the sides are regularly arcuate anteriorly but convergent and nearly straight posteriorly to near the hind angles where they are sinuate, the angles somewhat obtuse and rounded, marginal bead strong but narrow, median impressed line distinct, of nearly uniform depth throughout, anterior transverse impres- sion moderate, basal impressions so indented as to give a bilobed aspect to that part of the pronotal disk. As in allied species, the disk is narrowed be- hind more rapidly than the flanks so that these latter are visible from above on each side near the base. Elytra elongate oval, bluntly pointed behind, the humeri so broadly rounded as to fade gradually into the sides which are gently, hardly visibly, arcuate in median third but rather rapidly narrowed towards the apex. Margin fine but strong, rerlexed, disk with eleven fine and nearly regular striae (the ninth, however, rather confused), these striae finely but not closely nor deeply punctured, the space between the eleventh and the outer margin becoming rugose by confluence of the punctuation and obliteration of the striae. Intervals impunctate except an indistinct series of two or three punctures behind the middle of the fourth and a few similar impressions on the eighth and ninth, these, however, not alike on the two sides. Legs long, front tarsi with three joints dilated and densely papillose beneath, middle tibiae with a brush of moderately long golden pubescence externally, extending over about the apical third. Body beneath impunctate. Two females are similar to the male in form and general characters and with brush of hair on the middle tibiae. In them, thirteen or fourteen striae can be made out rather plainly, but this is true also of a second male, the type specimen being more rugose towards the sides than any of the paratypes. There is also a decided variation in the number and position of the scattered punctiform impressions on the elytral intervals. Length, male type, 17.3 mm.; greatest width 6.3 mm.; Female paratype, length 22 mm.; width 7.75 mm. According to Dr. Roeschke's description of his subgcnus Pseudo- nomaretus [Annales Musei Xationalis Hungarici V. 1907, 117 and 154] there should be a bristle in the prothoracic hind angles as well as the median marginal one on each side. In a later paper [Memoirs on the Coleoptera, V. 1914, 30] Col. Casey re- stricts this name to the group centering in ( 'yclints relictus Horn. In the four specimens of mannii at hand, only the median bristle is visible nor can any puncture be made out in the hind angles PLATE 1 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL 21 WICKHAM SCAPHINOTUS MANNII PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 7, OCT., IQIQ 173 which might indicate the position of another seta. The anterior and middle femora bear setigerous punctures as specified by Dr. Roeschke for the subgenus Brennus, but examination shows these punctures present and strong in relictus and regularis while they are absent in some Brennus, for example marginatus, fulleri, fallax and closely allied forms. With this note, I leave the new species in proximity to relictus and regularis, where it would naturally be placed by its facies. It recalls most closely ( . regularis Lee., but is easily distinguished by the much greater relative length of the head, prothorax and elytra, as well as by its longer and more slender legs and antennae. In a female of regularis the prothorax is at least one-fifth wider than long, much more strongly rounded in front of the point of greatest width and more rapidly narrowed behind than in the corresponding sex of mannii. In a male of relictus the combined length of antennal joints 2, 3, 4 and 5 is 4.3 mm., while in the type of mannii they measure 5.3 mm. Type, a male in the United States National Museum. Of the three paratypes, one male is deposited with the type while two females remain in the collection of W. M. Mann. Locality, Wawawai, Wash., March 20, 27 and 28, W. M.Mann; and May 14, C. V. Piper. Messrs. Schwarz and Barber have kindly afforded aid in ad- vice and in use of the facilities of the National Museum while the very characteristic figure is from a drawing made by my friend, Dr. Adam Boving. Three of the specimens were loaned me by the collector, Dr. W. M. Mann, after whom the species is named. NOTES ON SOME JAPANESE APHIDIDAE. BY RYOICHI TAKAHASHI, Forest Experiment Station, Meguro, Tokio. Myzocallis zelkowae, new species. H 'inged viviparous female. Color: General color pale yellow, mesothorax yellow. Eyes pale green. Antennae pale yellow, apices of the third and the following two joints and base of the spur black. Wings hyaline, stigma yellow, veins pale brown. Each abdominal segment with a pair of small, round, brown spots. Legs, corni- cles and cauda pale yellow. Morphology: Body rather narrow, without hairs. Antennae slender, not on frontal tubercles, the relative length of the third and the following joints is as follows: 111-33, IV-17, V-17, VI-17(10+7); sensoria on the third joint transversely narrow, twenty-five in number, the fourth joint wanting sensoria. Rostrum reaching the second coxae. Wings narrow, 174 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 7, OCT., 1919 stigmatic vein obsolete, booklets two. Both the first and second abdom- inal segments with two small tubercles on the dorsum, the tubercles on the second larger; abdominal segments 1 to 4 inclusive, bearing small lateral tubercles. Cornicles very short, broader than long, broadest at the base, not constricted in the middle. Cauda globular. Anal plate bilobed. Legs slender, with short fine hairs, empodial hairs present. Length of body 1.6 mm. Length of antenna 1.2 mm. Length of forewing 1.7 mm. Host Zelkowa keaki. Locality, Tokio. This interesting aphis is common on the underside of the leaves of Zelkowa keaki and often it is found also on the leaves of cultivated beans. The viviparous females always have wings and as is charac- teristic of the Callipterina they are sporadic in habit and are easily roused, the least disturbance causing them to jump from the hosts. ^ FIG. i Myzocallis zelkowae antennal structure. I have not found the sexuales of the species. Described from a number of co-type slides, one sent to the U. S. National Museum and the others retained by the writer. Greenidea kuwanae (Pergande). This aphis is very common on the young shoots of Onerous from May onwards throughout the summer. The stem-mother is apterous and many winged forms, as well as wingless ones, appear in the second and the following generations and the oviparous female which appears in December has wings. I have never collected the male insect. The oviparous females of Aphididae are usually wingless, but I have found that the oviparous females of the following species always have wings: (1) Greenidea kuwanae Pergande. (2) Trichosiphum tenuicorpus Okajima. (3) Cervaphis quercus Takahashi (Zool. Mag. Tokio, vol. XXX, PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 7, OCT., 1919 175 p. 458). Greenidea and Trichosipkum belong to Trichosiphina, and Cervaphis belongs to Cervaphidina. In Trichosipkum pasaniae Okajima the winged viviparous fe- male is very rare, as in Cervaphis and the sexuales probably have wings. Nippolachnus piri Mats. This aphis is one of the most injurious pests of the pear-tree in Japan, and it is found on the underside of the leaf. Most of the aphids belonging to Lachnina have no alternate hosts and may be found on the branches or stems of trees. But Nippolachnus piri Mats is double-hosted, spending the winter and spring on Eriobotrya japonica and the summer and early fall on the pear-tree. The viviparous females of the second generation and the sex- uparae have wings, but the other females are wingless. The sexuales appear in November and the male has wings. This very interesting aphis somewhat resembles Anoecia, but belongs to Lachnina doubtlessly. Chaitophorinella acerifoliae Takahashi. C. acerifoliae Takah., Zool. Mag. Tokio, vol. XXXI, 1919. Closely related C. testudinata Thorn., differing, however, in the following point: The proximal part of the last antennal segment is nearly one half the length of the distal part. This species is common on the leaves of Acer palmatum in spring and often it is found on Acer carpinifolium and Aescnlus sp. The dimorphs margined with many lamellae are produced by the females of the second and the following two or three generations and in summer only the dimorphs may be seen. The stem-mother is wingless, and winged forms appear in the second and the subsequent genera- tions very commonly as in some Chaitophorus . Chaitophorinella koelreuteriae Takahashi. C. koelreuteriae Takah., Zool. Mag. Tokio, vol. XXXI, 1919. This species is distinguishable from C. acerfoliae Takah. in the following characters: 1. Body larger. 2. Eyes smaller. 3. Larva (first instar) yellow or yellowish green. 4. Wingless viviparous female yellow or black. Host. Koelreuteria macroculata . Many dimorphs margined with lamellae are produced by the females of the second and the following generations. I found in 1 76 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 7, OCT., 1919 1917 many wingless viviparous females which do not produce dimorphs at all in August and in September. Winged females appear only in spring. Chaitopjorinella kuwanaii, n. name. Chaifophorus japonica Essig and Kuwana, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., vol. VIII, No. 3, p. 83 (preoccupied by japonica Baker). The host plant is Acer pictum. The stem-mother is wingless and some of the females of the second and third generations and the sexuparae have wings and the other females are wingless. The dimorphs, margined with lamellae, are produced by the females of the second and third generations. In summer the wingless viviparous females can be seen. I have not seen the dimorph described by Dr. Baker. Stomaphis yanonis Takahashi. S. yanonis Takah., Zool. Mag. Tokio, vol. XXX, p. 368, 1918. In 5. quercus L. winged females appear three times in a year, but in 5. yanonis Takah. only some individuals of the second generation have wings usually. As is characteristic of Stomaphis the male is apterous and its rostrum is rudimentary. The stem- mother, as well as the male, is without cornicles. Host. Celtis sinensis. Rhopalosiphum sambucicola Takahashi. R. sambucicola Takah., Zool. Mag. Tokio, vol XXX, p. 372, 1918. This species is closely related to R. magnoliae Essig et Kuw. The species spends the winter and early spring on Sambucus racemosa, but the summer on Dioscorea japonica, Lagerstroemia indica, Celastrus articulatus and Citrus sp. (Actual date of publication October 13, 1919). IV. INSECT' VOL. 21 NOVEMBER 1919 No, 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON CONTENTS BUSCK, AUGUST, HUNTER, W. D., AND HEINRICH, CARL EMERSON LISCUM DIVEN 177 FISHER, W. S. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW NORTH AMERICAN PTINIDAE, WITH NOTES ON AN INTRODUCED JAPANESE SPECIES MOSIER, C. A. AND SNYDER, T. E. NOTES ON THE SEASONAL ACTIVITY OF TABANIDAE IN THE LOWER EVERGLADES OF FLORIDA WICKHAM, H. P. TWO NEW SPECIES OF ASAPHIDION FROM NORTH AMERICA (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE) 178 PUBLISHED MONTHLY EXCEPT JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, 1912. Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918. PLATE 16 PRCC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 2'. EMERSON LISCUM DIVEN PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOL. 21 NOVEMBER, 1919 No. 8 EMERSON LISCUM DIVEN. BY AUGUST BUSCK, W. D. HUNTER AND CARL HEINRICH. On August 7, 1919, one of our youngest members, Emerson Liscum Diven, met his death in an aeroplane accident near Eagle Pass, Texas, in the performance of official duty, scouting for cotton areas along the Rio Grande River. For several months the U. S. Department of Agriculture had been using an aero- plane for the purpose of locating and mapping cotton areas in Southern Texas, in the fight against the Pink Bollworm of cotton. The aeroplane had been found extremely useful in locating hid- den fields in regions not otherwise easily surveyed. This work had been undertaken with the cooperation of the Army Aviation Corps and an expert aviator, Lieut. Wm. H. Tillisch, had been detailed a pilot. An extensive survey of the border region along the Rio Grande was under way with Mr. Diven in charge as scout and he had already successfully finished the work from Brownsville as far as Eagle Pass. On starting from Eagle Pass for Del Rio while the machine had reached an altitude of only a hundred feet it fell into a nose dive and both Lieut. Tillisch and Mr. Diven were instantly killed. Young Diven's sudden death cuts short a career of an unusual promise. As a young boy he was interested in insects and from his fifteenth year had been a member of our Society. Those in close contact with him held him in high regard as a man and a student. They were impressed by his keen interest, imagina- tion and the painstaking genuineness of his scientific observa- tions, and had high hopes for his future, which gave every prom- ise of brilliant achievements. He was born at Elmira, N. Y., on April lil, IS() CALENDAR OF SEASONAL ACTIVITY OF TABANIDAE* IN THE LOWER EVERGLADES OF FLORIDA 1918 TO 1919. Species. "GADFLIES:" Tabanus ameri- canus Forster Tabanus atratus Fabr. Tabanus lugu- bris Macq. Tabanus tur- bidus Wied. Tabanus trijunc- tus Walker Tabanus melan- ocerus Wied. Sex. Locality. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. d" Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 24 mi. southwest of Paradise Key, Fla. Date. Feb. 28, 1919 March 10, 1919 March 12, 1919 March 27, 1919 April 16, 1919 June 9, 1919 9 24 mi. southwest of June 9, 1919 Paradise Key. Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. June 10-30, 1919 9 Paradise Key, Fla. August 15, 1919 August 23, 1919 Sept. 28, 1919 March 31, 1919 April 7, 15)19 August 15, 1919 April y, 1919 April 25, 1 ill* July 13, 1919 March 22, 1919 March 27, 1919 March 31, 1919 April 7, 1919 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 24 mi. southwest of Paradise Key, Fla, 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. Collector. C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. C. A. A. Mosier Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier Tabanus lineal a Fabr. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. * Identifications by C. T. Greene, Ass't Custodian of Diptera. I S Xat Museum, based on specimi-ns actually now in this collection. June 9, 1919 C. A. Mosier June 10-30, 1919 C. A. MOSHT July 10-29, 1919 C. A. A I osier August 15, 1919 C. A. Mosier Sept. 9, 1918 C. A. MOSHT Feb. 18, 1919 T. E. Snyder Feb. 20, 1919 C. A. Mosier Feb. 26, 1919 C. A. MosHT 196 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 8, NOV., 1919 Tabanus 5-vit- tatus Wied. Tabanus costalis Wied Tabanus pumi- lus Macq. Tabanus flavus Macq. "DEERFLIES" Chrysops flavi- dus Wied. Chrysops plan- gens Wied. "THE; YELLOW FLY OF THE DISMAL SWAMP" Diac lorus fer- rugatus Fabr. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. Feb. 26, 1919 March 27, 1919 April 16, 1919 June 10-30, 1919 July 16-29, 1919 August 15, 1919 Sept. 28, 1919 T. E. Snyder C. A. Mosier .C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier 9 Paradise Key, Fla. Feb. 21), 1919 T. E. Snyder 9 Paradise Key, Fla . 9 Homestead, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 West Lake, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 West Lake, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. May 22, 1919 C. A. Mosier July 16, 1919 C. A. Mosier Aug. 9-23, 1919 C. A. Mosier Sept. 25-28, 1919 C. A. Mosier Feb. 17, 1919 March 1, 1919 March 22, 1919 March 27, 1919 March 31, 1919 April 7, 1919 June 10-30, 1919 July 10, 1919 Jan. 27, 1919 Feb. 17, 1919 Feb. 22, 1919 Feb. 25, 1919 April 13, 1919 May 22, 1919 July 29, 191 August 15, 1919 Feb. 25, 1919 March 16, 1919 April 13, 1919 Sept. 18, 1918 March 31, 1919 May 22, 1919 C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier T. E. vSnyder T. E. Snyder T. E. Snyder C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier T. E. Snyder C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier (Actual date of publication November 10, 1919.) PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21 PLATE 17 PARADISE KEY, ROYAL PALM HAMMOCK, LO\YKR EVERGLADES, FLORIDA. FIGS. 1 and 4. Royal palm trees (Royslonea regia O. F. Cook), at edge of hammock as seen across sawgrass prairie, overtopping other hammock trees. (Photos by Wilson Popenoe.) FIG. 2. View of tops of royal palms showing clusters of seed below foliage. (Photo by W. E. Brown. I FIG. 3. View of royal palms showing clear length and taper of trunks. (Photo by W. E. Brown.) VOL. 21 DECEMBER 1919 No. 9 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON CONTENTS MALLOCH, J. R. THE GENERIC STATUS OF ZODION PALPALIS ROBERTSON (DIPTERA, CONOPIDAE), WITH GENERIC KEY TO THE FAMILY 204 MORRISON, HAROLD A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF COCCID FROM LORANTHUS (HEM.-HOM.) 197 PUBLISHED MONTHLY EXCEPT JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, 1912. Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ORGANIZED MARCH 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 p.m. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the PROCEEDINGS and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over that submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1919. Honorary President E. A. SCHWARZ President E. R. SASSCER First Vice- President W. R. WALTON Second Vice- President A. B. GAHAN Recording Secretary i R. A. CUSHMAN Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer S. A. ROHWER U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Editor A. C. BAKER East Falls Church, Va. Representing the Society as a V ice-President of the Washington Academy of Sciences. . . .S. A. ROHWER EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. THE OFFICERS. A. N. CAUDELL. A. L. QUAINTANCE. CHAS. R. ELY. PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at Easton, Pa., and Washington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Do- mestic, $4.00 per annum; foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological Society of Washington. Advertising rates on application to the Corresponding Secretary. Authors of leading articles in the PROCEEDINGS will be entitled to 25 separates of each contribution, free of charge, provided the Editor is notified before page proof is returned. Additional copies may be had at rates fixed by the Society. Certain charges are made on illustrations and there are rules and suggestions governing the make-up of articles published. Con- tributors may secure information on these points by application to the Editor or Corresponding Secretary. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOL. 21 DECEMBER, 1919 No. 9 A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF COCCID FROM LORANTHUS (HEM.-HOM.). BY HAROLD MORRISON, V. S. Bureau of Entomology. From available literature and records, it appears that forty- four species of the family Coccidae have already been recorded from Loranthus, 1 and it is therefore of some interest to publish the addition of not only a new species, but a new genus of this family as an inhabitant of this host plant. The species in ques- tion was collected by the writer, in company with Mr. G. E- Bodkin, Government Economic Biologist of British Guiana, in the Botanic Gardens at Georgetown, British Guiana, in Sep- tember, 1918, and Mr. Bodkin kindly furnished the name for the host plant. A considerable quantity of leaves of the host was obtained, but not gone over until some months later, at which time, through the careful work of Miss Sadie Keen, an employee of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology, in picking out and mount- ing the different species, it was possible to identify the following list of species as occurring on the host material in addition to the new species described below: Orthezia praelonga Dougl., Pro- topulmnaria pyriformis (Ckll.), Coccus acuminatus (Sign.), Coccus elongatus (Sign.), Coccus mangiferae (Green), Coccus viridis (Green). Saissetia hemisphaerica (Targ.), Saissetia nigra (Nient.), Saissetia oleae (Bern.), Pseudaonidia articulatus (Morg.). All of these species were common elsewhere in the garden, and all are well known to infest a wide range of host plants. The writer is indebted to Emily Morrison for the drawings accompanying this paper and for other assistance in its prepara- tion. 1 It seems probable that most of the Coccid records from "Loranthus" should be considered as records for the family Loranthaceae, since for example, while many of the records are for new world species of both plants and in- sects, according to Engler (Die Natnrlichen Pnanzenfamilien, etc., Pt. 3, Sec. i, 1889, pp. 156-198), the genus Lnnnithns is confined to the old world with very a few exceptions. IQ7 198 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 9, DEC., 1919 Macrocepicoccus, n. gen. Pseudococcine forms with at least a posterior pair of dorsal ostioles, adult female with antennae 9-segmented, very elongate, slender, nearly as long as body, terminal segment shortest; legs correspondingly elongate, tarsal claw nearly straight, without denticle; anal ring with six setae and two rows of pores; cerarii typically with two stout spines closely surrounded by a single continuous row of heavily chitinized trilocular pores, these surrounded in turn by a scattered circle of short tubular ducts; some of the anterior cerarii much reduced, with only the tubular ducts remaining; with only multicular disk pores, both dorsally and ventrally, in addition to the gland types already mentioned; anal lobes small, with short apical hair and without ventral chitinous thickening. Type of genus. Macrocepicoccus loranthi, n. sp. The characters of this genus are such that it is not possible to place it accurately in the existing schemes of classification for the Pseudococcine coccids, but for the present it can probably be considered as being more closely related to the genus Pseudococ- cus than to any other. Macrocepicoccus loranthi, n. sp. Adult Female. -Occurring normally on the under sides of the leaves of the host, usually in numbers; maximum length of living specimens about 2 mm., width less than 1 mm., elongate, rather slender, broadest at the base of the abdomen, highest at the same point, moderately convex dorsally, very pale yellowish with a faint greenish tinge; body dorsally with faint traces of white mealy secretion, this most pronounced just inside the body margin and again in a submedian band on each side, thus forming two very vague and indistinct longitudinal stripes; also dorsally with scattered very delicate glassy threads, these most conspicuous along the margins where they fre- quently project as far beyond the body as do the femora or even farther, and where they are grouped into a series of clusters, each surrounding a single one of the most conspicuous features of the insect, long, slender cylin- drical white wax threads, which project forward, laterally and caudally from the margin, normally to the number of ten on each side of the body, and which in mature undisturbed examples may reach a length of one and a half or more times that of the body of the insect, although usually irregularly broken off, so that only rarely are any two the same length; with an addi- tional pair of stout, much shorter wax plates projecting from the anal region ; insect in the dried state retaining much the same outline as when living, although becoming much flattened and dull brown in color. Body of Female. -Maximum length mounted on a slide about 2 mm., max- imum width less than 1 mm. ; elongate, rather slender, broadest in the region of the anterior abdominal segments; antennae very elongate, slender, linear, 9-segmented, the first and last segments shortest, the first about twice the .diameter of any of the others, with a fairly large circular pore at the apex PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 9, DEC., 1919 199 of the second segment and a long blunt curved spine at the apices of each of the last three segments, the measurements of the segments in microns as follows: I. n. in. IV. V. VI. VII. vm. IX. 71 1 107 139.2 159 246 200 168 107 68 71.4 103. 5 146 5 168 271.3 214 168 103.5 ill i' 75 100 133 168 232 21 H I 171 .5 93 68 71 4 107 146.5 154 2 7:> 193 171.5 107 71 .4 7.-. 107 143 160.6 264 218 168 107 68 71.4 96.4 143 139.2 218 196.3 160.6 100 57 71 4 96.4 143 138.5 228.5 189.2 160.6 96.3 l>l 2 71 4 96.4 1 :,( 1 168 221.3 185.6 160.6 103.5 68 71 .4 93 139.2 1 43 200 150 135.6 71 .4 60 n legs long and slender, the fore pair a little shorter than the other two, an average length of a middle leg as follows: coxa, 78.5yu; trochanter (maximum), 82 ,u, fe- mur (maximum), 385.11; ibia (maximum), 410/*; tarsus (not including chuv . 153/n; claw, 53 ju; tarsal digitule, 68 ,u; claw digitule, 43 n; claw elongate, slender, straight with a slight curve near the apex, without denticle, all digitules very- slender, hair-like, slightly knobbed at apices; all trochanters with the usual dor- sal and ventral pairs of oval pores, or four altogether on each; hind coxae with- out pores, submentum triangular, acute at apex, appearing very obscurely 3-seg- mented ; dorsal ostioles very obscure, only the posterior pair noted ; cerarii of an unusual type, consisting normally of a pair of spines (varying from one to three) surrounded by a solid continuous band of heavily chitinized trilocular pores with confluent outer borders forming a continuous chitinized rim around the whole, and the posterior cerarii, at least, with an indistinct chit- inized area around each cerarius, the anal lobe cerarii each with a small hair in its rim on the inner side, this not noted on any of the others except the anterior pair each of which bears from one to four such hairs; with an approximately circular group of short tubular ducts, each with a chitinized plate surrounding the opening, around each cerarius; in addition to these clusters of short tubular ducts surrounding the typical cerarii, with other clusters on the anterior body margins in which the cerarius is missing or is represented only by a single spine; assuming these clusters of tubular ducts to stand for more or less developed cerarii, then with normally a total of fourteen pairs, the arrangement of these in ten specimens being tabulated below (the numerals and signs with the following significance : the first numeral giving the number of spines present, connecting symbol indicating the presence or absence of a number of trilocular pores around the spines, the final numeral indicating the number of hairs in the cerarius border, thus 3 + 1 = three conical spines, numerous trilocular pores and one hair in the border of the cerarius; an * indicating the presence of a single trilocular pore; ** indicating the presence of two such pores): 200 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 9, DEC., 1910 SPECIMEN. CERARIUS. i. II. in. IV. V. VI. VII. 1 right 3 + 1 1 -0 1 + o -0 1+0 1 -0 1 left 3 + 2 1 -0 1 + 1 -0 1 1+0 1 -0 2 right 2 + 2 1 -0 1 + 1 - 1+0 1 -0 2 left 3 + 3 -0 1 + *1 -0 1 --0 1+0 *1 -0 3 right 3 + 1 1 -0 1 + o 1 -0 1 -- 1+0 **1 -0 3 left 3 + 3 1 -0 1 + 1 -0 1 --0 1+0 **1 -0 (a) 4 right 3 + ? 1 -0 *1 + o 1 -0 10 1 --0 p (a) 4 left 3 + 1 1 -0 *1 + o 1 -0 ? 1+0 1 -0 5 right 3 + ? 1 -0 1 + o 1 -0 1 1+0 *1 -0 5 left 3 + 2 1 -0 1 + o 1 -0 1--0 1+0 1 -0 6 right 3 + 1 -0 1 + 1 -0 1 1+0 1 -0 6 left 3 + 3 -0 1 + 1 -0 1 --0 1+0 1 -0 7 right 3 + 3 -0 1 + o 1 -0 1 --0 1+0 1 Q 7 left 3 + 2 -0 1 + o 1 - 1+0 1 -0 8 right 3 + 2 1 -0 1 + o 1 -0 1 --0 1+0 1 -0 8 left 3 + 1 1 - 1 + 1 -0 10 1+0 1 -0 (a) 9 right 3 +2 -0 1 + o 1 -0 1 --0 1+0 1 + o (a) 9 left 3 + 2 -0 1 + o 1 - 1+0 1 -0 10 right 3 + 2 1 -0 1 + 1 -0 10 1+0 1 -0 10 left 3 + 2 1 -0 1 + 1 -0 1 1+0 *1 -0 SPECIMEN. CERAR